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GEORGE  I.  COCHRAN     MEYER  ELSASSER 
DR.  JOHN  R.  HAYNES    WILLIAM  L.  HONNOLD 
JAMES  R.  MARTIN         MRS.  JOSEPH  F.  SARTORI 

to  tin 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
SOUTHERN  BRANCH 


JOHN  FISKE 


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HISTORY 


TOWN  OF  KINGS  BRIDGE 


NOW    PART    OF    THE    24TH    WARD 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


WITH  MAP  AND  INDEX 


BY 

THOMAS  H.  EDSALL 

M-EMBER  OF  THE  N.  Y.  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
PRIVATELY   PRINTED 

1887 


85928 


F 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


DESCRIPTIOK.  —  The  area  under  consideration — 
about  four  thousand  acres — lies  just  south  of  the 
city  of  Yonkers. l  Its  boundaries  are  the  Yonkers 
city  line  on  the  north,  the  Bronx  on  the  east,  the  late 
West  Farms  line, 2  Harlem  River  and  Spuyten  Duy- 
vii  Creek  on  the  south,  and  the  Hudson  on  the  west. 
Its  northernmost  point,  Mount  St.  Vincent,  is  about 
twelve  miles  from  White  Plains  and  fifteen  miles  from 
the  city  hall,  New  York.  Its  outlines  extend  along 
the  Yonkers  city  line  three  miles,  the  Bronx  one 
$0  and  five-tenths  miles,  the  West  Farms  line  one  and 

JS  five-tenths  miles,    the   Harlem   River   and   Spuyten 

^  Duyvil  Creek  one  and  five-tenths  miles,  and  the  Hud- 

son two  and  five-tenths  miles. 
O  Topographically,  it  consists  of  two  main  ridges  and 

r^H 

{Q 

>rj  l  This  name,  derived  from  Dr.  Adraien  Van  der  Donck's  title  of  Jonker, 

p:_l  was  not  applied  to  any  part  of  the  present  Yonkers  until  the  erection  of 

the  township  of  that  name,  in  1788.  Before  that  date  for  more  than  a 
century  "the  Yonkers."  or  "the  Yonkers  Plantation,"  was  the  name 
of  a  precinct  which  comprised  the  greater  part  of  the  township  of 
King's  Bridge,  while  the  present  Yonkers  was  called  Phillipsburgh,  be- 
ing part  of  the  manor  of  that  name,  erected  in  1693. 

2Coincident  with  the  north  line  of  the   Manor  of  Fordlmm,  erected 
November,  1671. 

1 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


an  intermediate  one,  having  their  axes  parallel  with 
the  Palisades  of  Xew  Jersey,  and  a  direction  north- 
northeast.  1.  Spuyten  Duyvil  Ridge,  from  Yonkers 
city  line  to  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  and  between  the 
Hudson  on  the  west  and  Tippett's  Brook l  on  the  east. 
<  In-litest  elevation,  two  hundred  and  eighty-two  feet,2 
on  land  of  Frederick  Goodridge,  Riverdale.  2.  Valen- 
tine's Ridge,  from  Yonkers  line  to  West  Farms  line, 
and  between  the  Bronx3  on  the  east  and  Tippett's 
Brook  on  the  west.  Greatest  elevation,  two  hundred 
and  forty  feet,  near  Woodlawn  Heights.  3.  Van 
Cortlandt  Ridge,  intermediate,  from  Yonkers  line  to 
Vault  Hill,  between  Tippett's  Brook  on  the  east  and 
its  main  branch  on  the  west.  Greatest  elevation,  two 
hundred  feet,  near  Yonkers  city  line. 

Tippett's  Brook,  the  main  stream,  rises  in  Yonkers, 
flows  southwesterly  until  it  forms  Van  Cortlandt 
Lake,4  below  which  it  is  a  tidal  stream  to  its  outlet  into 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek.  About  twenty  lesser  brooks, 
varying  in  length  from  five  hundred  to  ten  thousand 
feet,  flow  into  the  Hudson,  the  Bronx  and  Tinpett's 
Brook. 

The  geological  formations  are  very  ancient,  consist- 


1  So  called  after  fJeorjce  Tlppett,  an  early  settler  and  proprietor,  and  of 
late  corrupted  into  Tibbilt'$  Brook.  Its  Indian  name  was  Motholu.  It 
haialso  been  known  at  Mill  Creek  and  Yonkers  River. 

4  The  highest  ground  within  the  limits  of  New  York  City.  The  eleva- 
tion of  Fort  Washington,  the  greatest  on  Manhattan  Island,  is  two  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four  feet. 

3  So  called  after  Jonas  Bronck,  the  earliest  white  settler  and  proprietor 
of  "Bronck's  Land,"  now  Morrisania,  Twenty-third  Ward,  New  York. 

4  An  artificial  pond,  formed  by  Jacobus  Van  Cortlandt,  ctrcttm  1700,  b 
damming  Tippett's  Brook. 

2 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


ing  mainly  of  micaceous  gneiss  or  granite,1  the  former 
largely  preponderating,  the  exposed  surfaces  indicat- 
ingsubjectionto  intense  heat  and  pressure,  with  so  great 
displacement  that  the  strata  are  nearly  vertical,  out- 
cropping in  numerous  parallel  ledges,  not  continuous, 
but  en  echelon,  and  giving  steep  inclination  to  hill- 
sides. A  coarse,  crystallized  limestone2  of  varying 
hardness,  ranging  about  north-northeast,  crops  out  at 
King's  Bridge  and  on  the  Whiting  and  Delafield 
estates,  Spuyten  Duyvil  Kidge.  On  the  latter  ridge 
the  surface  of  the  primary  rocks  is  strewn  with  trap 
boulders. 

DISCOVERY. — The  earliest  known  visitor  to  this  lo- 
cality was  Henry  Hudson.  Going  up  the  river  which 
bears  his  name,  he  skirted  its  westerly  shore  Septem- 
ber 13,  1609,  and,  on  his  return,  was  attacked,  Oc- 
tober 2d,  from  Shorack-Kappock,  the  Indian  name  of 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Point,3  and  the  kill  or  creek  at  its 
base. 

INDIANS. — The  Indian  name  of  this  section  was 
Weckquaeskeek, — "  the  birch-bark  country," — and  its 
residents  were  known  to  the  first  settlers  as  Wickers- 

1  Affording  building-stone  of  fine   quality.     Before  1750  quarries  of 
"broken  stone  "  were  worked  on  Spuyten  Duyvil  Ridge,  the  whole  ex- 
tent of  which  is  scarred  by  them.     The  large  quarries  at  Spuyten  Duyvil 
Point  were  worked  until  about  1850. 

2  Known  as  King's  Bridge  Marble.  It  was  extensively  quarried  early  in 
the  century  on  the  northerly  end  of  Manhattan  Island.     Perkins  Nich- 
olls  had  a  marble-sawing  mill  at  "Dyckman's  Cut "  (which  wag  exca- 
vated to  supply  power  to  this  mill  by  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide),  and 
another  at  the  King's  Bridge.     On  the  banks  of  the   Hudson,  along  the 
base  of  Spuyten  Duyvil   Ridge,  were  several  kilns  for  making  lime 
from  this  stone,  all  of  which  have  been  disused  for  many  years. 

*  According  to  tradition,  the  natives  had  a  castle  or  stronghold  on  the 
point. 

3 


KINO'S    BRIDGE. 


creek  Indiana.  In  person  they  were  tolerably  stout. 
Their  hair  was  worn  shorn  to  a  coxcomb  on  top,  with 
a  long  lock  depending  on  one  side.  They  wore  bea- 
ver  and  other  skins,  with  the  fur  inside  in  winter  and 
outside  in  summer,  and  also  coats  of  turkey  feathers. 
They  were  valiant  warriors.  "  Yea,"  says  De  Vries, 
"  they  say  they  are  Marietta — the  devil  himself! '' 
Their  leading  sachems,  at  the  advent  of  white  set- 
tlers, were  Tequemet,  Rechgawac  and  Packamiens,  from 
whom  the  Dutch  director,  Kieft,  purchased,  in  Au- 
gust, 1639,  the  tract  Keskeskick.  This  tribe  gradually 
dwindled,  until  its  remnant  finally  disappeared  be- 
fore the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

FIRST  SETTLEMENT. — The  earliest  white  resident 
and  proprietor  was  Dr.  Adraien  Van  der  Donck,  juris 
utriiisque  doctor,  of  Leyden.  He  had  been  sheriff  of 
the  Colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck  since  1641.  Having 
aided  Director  Kieft  in  negotiating  an  important  In- 
dian treaty  at  Fort  Orange,  Albany,  the  latter 
granted  him,  in  1645,  a  large  tract  on  the  Nep- 
perhaem  River,  Yonkers,  where  he  built  a  saw-mill, ' 
laid  out  farms  and  plantations  and  "  had  actually  re- 
solved to  continue."  But  that  indispensable  requi- 
site of  a  Dutch  farm,  salt  meadow,  was  lacking.  In 
search  of  this,  Van  der  Donck  found,  about  a  mile 
above  the  wading-place  (King's  Bridge)  "  a  flat,  with 
some  convenient  meadows  about  it,"  which  he 
promptly  secured  by  purchase  from  the  Indians  and 
a  further  grant  from  Kieft.  His  new  acquisition  in- 
cluded the  area  under  consideration,  extending  from 


•Hence  the    name  of  "Saw   Kill,"   by  which   thu  stream  became 
known. 

4 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


the  Hudson  to  the  Bronx,  and  from  the  Spuyten  Duy- 
vil  Creek  to  the  Nepperhaem  tract.  Here  he  located 
his  bowerie,  or  home-farm,  with  its  "  planting-field," 
and  near  the  latter  he  had  already  begun  the  erection 
of  his  house,  hefore  going  to  Holland,  in  1649,  as  the 
representative  of  the  commonalty  of  New  Amster- 
dam. Van  der  Donck's  "  planting-field  "  was  on  the 
plain  or  flat  of  the  Van  Cortlandt  estate,  lying  be- 
tween Broadway  and  the"present  lake,  and  extending 
up  to'  the  southerly  end  of  Vault  Hill.1  It  is  prob- 
able that  his  house  was  on  the  flat,  and  "located,  per- 
haps, where  the  old  house  of  Jacobus  Van  Cortlandt 
afterwards  stood  until  the  early  part  of  this  century.2 
While  absent  in  Holland,  Van  der  Donck's 
lands  were  erected  into  the  fief  or  Colonie  of  Nepper- 
haem (or,  as  he  called  it  after  his  own  name,  Colen- 
donck),  and  he  was  made  its  patroon.  Pursuant  to 
the  "  Freedoms  and  Exemptions,"  he  sent  out  to  it, 
from  Holland,  a  number  of  colonists  with  supplies  of 
farming  stock  and  implements.  In  1652  he  was  about 
to  return  to  his  colonie,  and  had  already  embarked 
his  wife,  mother,  brother  and  sister,  with  an  ample 
stock  of  goods,  when  the  West  India  Company  pre- 
vented his  departure.3  During  his  detention  he  got 

1  It  may  have  also  stretched  eastward  across  the  brook  and  beyond 
the  site  of  the  present  lake. 

2  Its  site  was  just  behind  the  present  grove  of  locusts,  north  of  the  Van 
Cortlandt  Mills. 

3  Van  der  Donck  had  so  well  accomplished  hia  mission  on  behalf  of 
the  oppressed  commonalty  as  to  procure  from  the  States  General  their 
mandate,  recalling  Stuyvesant  to  Holland,  of  which  he  was  made  the 
bearer.     But  the  States  being  on  the  eve  of  war  with  England,  and  need- 
ing the  assistance  of  the  rich  and  powerful  West  India  Company,  the 
latter  was  enabled  to  not  only  procure  the  revocation  of  Stuy vesant's  re- 
call, but  to  detain  its  bearer  in  Holland. 

5 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


word  that  some  "  land-greedy "  persons  were  squat- 
ting on  his  lands.  He  appealed  to  the  company  to 
protect  his  possession  of  the  "  flat  and  meadows ;"  also 
for  leave  to  return  to  them,  which  was  withheld  until 
1653.  In  the  summer  of  that  year  he  sailed  for  Nieuw 
Netherland,  arriving  in  the  autumn,  and  repaired  to 
his  bowerie.  He  did  not  long  survive  his  return,  dy- 
ing in  1654  or  1655.  The  latter  was  the  year  of  the 
Indian  massacre,  when  all  the  surviving  settlers  about 
Xieuw  Amsterdam  fled  to  the  fort  for  protection.  It 
is  probable  that  Van  der  Donck's  bowerie  was  de- 
serted and  destroyed.  In  August,  Stuyvesant  granted 
to  a  Cornells  Van  der  Donck  a  parcel  of  about  fifty 
morgens,  on  the  north  side  of  Manhattan  Island,  "by 
the  savages  called  Muscoote,  or  a  flat  (anders  een 
vlacte}"  and  as  much  meadow  or  hay  land  as  was 
given  to  other  boweries.  This  may  have  referred  to 
the  late  Dr.  "Van  der  Donck's  bowerie,  but  no  further 
mention  has  been  found  of  the  grantee  or  his  connec- 
tion with  this  tract. 

After  the  patroon's  death  his  widow  joined  her 
father,  the  Rev.  Francis  Doughty,  in  "the  Virgin- 
ias," where  she  became  the  wife  of  Hugh  O'Neale,  of 
Patuxent,  Maryland. 

The  province  had  passed  under  English  rule,  and 
nearly  ten  years  had  elapsed  since  the  death  of  her 
first  husband  before  Mrr.  O'Neale  took  any  steps  to 
reclaim  the  Yonkers  estate.  On  the  21st  of  Septem- 
ber, 1666,  she  and  O'Neale  went  before  Governor 
Nicoll  and  his  Council,  accompanied  by  several  In- 
dians, who  had  formerly  owned  the  lands.  The  latter 
made  acknowledgment  of  their  sales  to  the  late  pa- 


KINGS   BRIDGE. 


troon,1  and  on  the  8th  of  October  a  grant  of  the  whole 
estate  was  made  to  O'Neale  and  wife.  On  the  30th 
they  assigned  their  patent  to  Elias  Doughty,  of 
Flushing,  L.  L,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  O'Neale,  probably 
for  convenience  of  sale,  on  account  of  their  residing 
at  a  distance. 

The  first  to  purchase  from  Doughty  was  John 
Archer,  or  Jan  Arcer,  as  he  signed  his  name.  He  was 
the  son  of  Jan  Aarsen,  from  Nieuwhoff,  who  was  nick- 
named by  the  Dutch  Koop-al  (buy-all),  and  the  son 
was  known  as  Jan  Koop-al,  the  younger.  He  had 
long  resided  at  Oost  Dorp  (now  Westchester).  In 
March  and  September,  1667,  he  bought  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  upland  and  thirty  acres 
of  meadow,  near  the  'Syading-place."  On  the  up- 
land, just  across  the  meadow  from  Paparinamin,  he 
founded  the  village  of  Fordham.  It  had  the  counte- 
nance and  protection  of  the  Governor,  being  "  in  a 
"  convenient  place  for  the  relief  of  strangers,  it  being 
"  the  road  for  passengers  to  go  to  and  fro  the  maine, 
"  as  well  as  for  mutual  intercourse  with  the  neighbor- 
"  ing  colony."  The  village  consisted  of  about  a  dozen 
houses  in  an  extended  line,  along  the  base  of  Tetard's 
Hill,  crossed  at  the  middle  by  the  "old  Westchester 
path"  (Albany  post  road),  leading  up  over  the  hill 
towards  Connecticut.  •  No  traces  of  these  old  habita- 
tions remain.  Two  years  later  Archer  acquired  all 


!Of  "a  certain  parcel  of  land  upon  the  maine,  not  farre  from  West- 
"  cheater,  commonly  called  ye  Younckers  Land."  They  declared  its  bounds 
to  be  "  from  a  place  called  Macackesin  at  ye  north,  so  to  come  to  Neperan 
"  and  to  ye  Kill  Sorquapp,  then  to  Muskota  and  Pappereiieman  to  y«  south 
"and  crosse  y<=  countrey  to  ye  eastward  of  Bronckx  his  River  and 
"  Land." 

7 


KINO'S  BIUI>I;K. 


the  land  southerly  to  High  Bridge,  lying  between  the 
Harlem  and  Bronx,  which  was  erected  into  his  Man  or 
of  Fordham  in  1671.  The  north  line  of  this  ancient 
manor  from  the  Harlem  to  the  Bronx,  being  the  south 
line  of  the  O'Neale  patent,1  became  one  of  the  south- 
erly boundaries  of  the  town  of  King's  Bridge.  Archer 
lived  and  ruled  at  Fordham  in  frequent  contention 
with  his  tenants  and  neighbors  until  his  death,  in 
1684.  During  the  Dutch  re-occupation,  in  1673-74, 
his  government  was  suspended,  and  the  inhabitants 
of  Fordham  nominated  their  own  magistrates  ;  but  on 
the  return  of  the  English,  in  the  latter  year,  Archer 
resumed  his  sway.  In  1679  he  was  sheriff  of  New 
York.  At  his  death  the  manor  was  so  heavily  mort- 
gaged to  the  wealthy  Dutchman,  Cornells  Steenwyck, 
that  his  heirs  could  not  redeem  it.  By  Steenwyck's 
will  it  was  devised  to  the  "Nether  Dutch  Reformed 
Congregation."  in  New  York,  for  the  support  of  their 
minister. 

1  Notwithstanding  the  patent  for  the  Manor  of  Fordham  recited  that  it 
was  i>art  of  the  land  "  granted  in  the  Grand  Prttent  to  Hugh  O'Nea'e  & 
Mary,  his  wife  ;  "  also  that  "  purchase  was  made  thereof  by  John  Archer 
from  Elyas  Doughty,  who  was  invested  in  their  interest,  an  also  of  the 
Indyan  Proprietor*,  Ac.,"  it  is  impossible,  by  any  interpretation  of  the 
boundaries  in  the  O'Neale  Patent  to  make  them  extend  below  the  north 
line  of  the  manor.  There  is  no  record  of  any  deed  from  Doughty  to 
Archer  of  land  south  of  that  line.  The  writer  is  of  opinion  that  Archer, 
conniving  with  the  Governor  or  Secretary  Nicoll,  advanced  this  claim 
of  title  through  Van  der  Donck's  successors,  in  order  to  forestall  claims 
to  the  tract  which  might  have  been  otherwise  established.  Such  claims- 
were  preferred  early  in  the  following  century  by  Quimby  against  the 
Dutch  Church,  which  then  owued  it,  and  about  1750  a  brief  on  behalf  of 
the  church  in  an  ejectment  suit  sets  out  with  a  recital  of  a  copy  of  an 
unrecorded  deed  from  Doughty  to  Archer,  on  which,  however,  counsel 
was  not  instructed  to  rely.  The  only  proper  basis  of  Archer's  title  was 
his  purchase  from  the  "  Tndyan  Proprietors." 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


William  Betts  and  George  Tippett,  his  son-in-law, 
next  purchased  from  Doughty  (deed,  July  6,  1668), 
about  two  thousand  acres,  extending  across  from  the 
Hudson  to  the  Bronx,  south  of  an  east  and  west  line 
which  went  along  the  north  side  of  "Van  der  Donck's 
planting-field."  This  line  struck  the  Hudson  about 
three  hundred  feet  south  of  Thorn's  dock,  and  the 
Bronx  about  five  hundred  feet  south  of  the  Yonkers 
city  line,  and  the  purchase  included  all  south  of  it,  ex- 
cepting Paparinamin,  for  which  Tippett  received  a  sep- 
arate "  deed  of  gift "  from  Doughty.  It  included  "that 
piece  where  formerly  the  old  Van  der  Donck's  house 
stood,"  and  what  are  now  Spuyten  Duyvil,  Hudson 
Park,  Mosholu,  Van "  Cortlandl's,  Olaff  Park,  Wood- 
lawn  Heights  and  Woodlawn  Cemetery.  Betts  and 
Tippett  obtained  from  Governor  Lovelace,  February 
20,  1671,  a  patent  which  contained  a  proviso  that  it 
should  no  way  prejudice  "  the  New  towne  of  fford- 
ham,"  nor  what  had  been  done  by  his  order  towards 
its  settlement.  . 

Mr.  Betts  was  an  Englishman,  and  by  trade  a  turn- 
er. He  was  at  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1635,  four  years 
after  which  he  married  Alice,  a  "maiden  of  the  Bay," 
who  bore  him  several  children.  With  his  minister, 
Lothrop,  he  removed  to  Barnstable,  and  thence  came 
to  Connecticut.  In  1662  he  lived  at  Oost  Dorp,  where 
he  was  a  magistrate  by  appointment  of  Stuyvesant. 
He  was  named  as  a  patentee  in  the  English  patent 
for  the  town  of  Westchester,  granted  in  1668.  The 
same  year  he  removed  to  his  new  plantation  in  the 
Yonkers,  and  the  next  year  became  overseer  of  the 
court  at  Fordham.  He  died  in  1675,  survived  by  his 
wife,  Alice,  sons,  Samuel,  Hopestill  and  John,  a 

9 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


daughter,  Mehitable,  wife  of  George  Tippett,  and  a 
grandson,  John  Barrett,  son  of  a  deceased  daughter, 
Hannah,  who  had  married  Samuel  Barrett,  of  West- 
chester.  Descendants  of  the  name  of  Betts  con- 
tinued to  own  portions  of  the  ancestral  acres  until 
the  early  part  of  this  century. 

Mr.  Tippett  was  at  Flushing  in  August,  1667,  when 
he  gave  in  his  name  to  the  Governor  "  to  be  ready  to 
serve  his  Majesty  "  on  all  occasions.  While  he  lived 
in  the  Yonkers  the  swine  of  the  New  Harlem  people 
used  to  run  at  large  at  the  upper  end  of  Manhattan 
Island,  and  sometimes-  straying  across  the  wading- 
place  at  low  tide,  failed  to  returp.  Tippett  would  be 
charged  with  their  detention  and  the  whole  community 
hauled  into  court  as  witnesses.  Tippett's  "  ear-mark  " 
for  his  own  swine  was  said  to  be  "  the  cutting  of  their 
ears  so  close  that  any  other  marks  might  be  cut  off  by 
it."  Mr.  Tippett  died  intestate  in  1675,  survived  by 
his  wife,  Mehitable  (afterward  married  to  Lewis  Vit- 
rey  and  Samuel  Hitchccfck),  a  son  George,  perhaps  a 
son  Henry,  and  a  daughter  Mehitable  who  was  mar- 
ried first  to  Joseph  Hadley  and  second  to  John 
Concklin).  Descendants  of  his  name  held  portions  of 
the  estate  until  the  Revolutionary  War. 

"  Tippett's  Hill "  was  the  name  of  Spuyten 
Duyvil  Neck  during  the  same  period,1  and  the  princi- 
pal stream  of  the  Yonkers  has  always  been  called 
after  him,  although  corrupted  into"Tibbits"  in  recent 
times. 


'Known  after  the  Revolution  and  until  recent')'  as  "Berrien'a  Neck," 
after  an  owner  who  married  Dorcas  Tippett,  a  great-great-granddaughter 
of  the  first  George. 

10 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


John  Hadden  l  made  the  next  purchase  from 
Doughty.  His  deed  of  June  7,  1668,  antedates  that 
of  Betts  and  Tippett,  but  bounds  on  land  already 
sold  to  them.  It  conveys  three  parcels  aggregating 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  lying  directly  north 
of  Van  der  Donck's  planting-field  and  extending 
across  from  the  Albany  post  road  to  the  road  to  Mile 
Square.  The  Van  Cortlandt  estate  now  includes  the 
whole  of  it.  For  two  hundred  acres  Hadden  gave  a 
horse  and  for  the  remainder  five  pounds !  In  Decem- 
ber, 1668,  Betts  sold  to  Hadden  twenty-four  acres 
adjoining  his  "house  in  the  old  field." 

Mr.'  Hadden  was  a  carpenter  by  trade.  He  settled 
in  the  Yonkers  with  his  sons-in-law,  George  Cleving- 
er  and  William  Smith,  and  in  1672  he  was  made  over- 
seer of  the  village  of  Fordham.  His  sons-in-law  dy- 
ing a  few  years  later,  Mr.  Hadden  sold  out  and  re- 
turned to  Westchester,  where  he  and  his  descendants 
were  respected  citizens. 

Doughty  next  sold  the  remainder  of  the  O'Neale 
patent  (excepting  "  Mile  Square,"  already  disposed 
of)  to  Thomas  Delavall,  Fredryk  Flypsen  and  Thomas 
Lewis.2  It  was  conveyed  to  them  November  9,  1672, 
by  purchase  from  Delavall,  and  the  heirs  of  Lewis  Flyp- 
sen subsequently  acquired  their  interests.  The  tract 

1  In  early  records  and  MSS.  this  name  is  sometimes  written  "  Heddy," 
"  Hedger,"  etc. 

2  This  was  probably  the  sale  for  which  Mrs.  O'Xeale  "  received  a  good 
part  of  her  payment  in  horses  and  mares,''  with  which  she  was  about  to 
"  return  home  into  Maryland,  y«  place  of  her  abode  ;  "   but  hearing  re- 
port of  a  prohibition  against  importing  horses  to  that  colony,  she  pro- 
cured a  letter  to  its  Governor  from  Governor  Lovelace,  of  New  York, 
asking  a  dispensation  from  the  rigor  of  the  late  order  in  her  case  so  as  to 
permit  her  to  dispose  of  her  horses  in  Maryland  to  her  best  advantage. 

11 


KING  .S   BRIDGE. 


contained  about  eight  thousand  acres.  Riverdale, 
Mount  St.  Vincent  and  a  part  of  Woodlawn  Heights 
are  located  on  the  southerly  part  of  this  purchase. 

Mr.  Flypsen  was  a  carpenter  by  trade.  He  came 
to  Nieuw  Amsterdam  in  Stuyvesant's  time,  under  an 
engagement  with  the  West  India  Company  for  five 
years,  during  which  time  he  worked  on  the  forts  at 
Nieuw  Amsterdam  and  Esopus.  He  married,  in  1662, 
Margaret  Hardenbrook,  widow  of  Peter  Rudolphus  de 
Vries,  a  successful  trader.  Margaret  was  also  en- 
gaged in  trade,  which  she  continued  after  this  mar- 
riage, going  to  and  from  Holland  as  supercargo  of 
her  own  vessels,  in  one  of  which,  the  "  Charles,"  she 
brought  over  the  Labadists,  in  1679.  By  her  "  for- 
tune, thrift  and  enterprise"  and  his  exertions,  Mr. 
Flypsen  became  the  richest  man  in  the  colony. 
After  the  death  of  Margaret  he  married,  in  1692, 
Catherine  Van  Cortlandt,  widow  of  John  Dervall 
and  daughter  of  Olaf  Stevenszen  Van  Cortlandt,  by 
whom  he  received  further  additions  to  his  wealth. 
Mr.  Flypsen  purchased  other  large  tracts  of  land  in 
Westchester  County.  In  1693  he  procured  the  erec- 
tion of  the  whole  into  the  Manor  of  Phillipsburgh, 
in  which  the  "island  Paparinamin  "  was  included. 
The  old  manor-home  is  now  the  city  hall  in  Yonkers. 
For  twenty  years  Mr.  Flypsen  was  a  member  of  the 
Council.  He  died  in  1702,  .aged  seventy-six,  survived 
by  a  son  Adolphus,  a  daughter  Annetje,  wife  of  Philip 
French,  an  adopted  daughter  Eva,  wife  of  Jacobus 
Van  Cortlandt,  and  a  grandson  Frederick  (son  of  his 
deceased  son  Frederick,)  to  whom  he  devised  the 
Yonkers  plantation. 

THE  FERRY. — Soon  after  the  village  of  Fordham 
12 


.  KIXG'S   BKIDGE. 


was  settled  the  people  of  New  Harlern  tried  to  divert 
eastern  travel  from  the  wading-place  to  the  new  ferry 
they  had  set  up  between  New  Harlem  and  Bronx-land. 
They  obstructed  the  banks  at  Spuyten  Duyvil x  with 
fences,  but  travelers  threw  them  down  and  still  crossed 
at  the  ancient  ford  without  paying  toll.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1669  the  ferry  was  removed  to  Spuyten  Duyvil, 
"  a  nearer  and  more  convenient  passage  to  and  from 
the  island  and  the  Maine, "  and  Johannes  Verveelen 
was  made  ferryman.  There  was  allotted  to  his  use 
the  "  island  or  neck  of  land  Paparinamin,'"  where  he 
was  required  to  provide  a  dwelling-house  furnished 
with  three  or  four  good  beds  for  the  entertainment  of 
strangers ;  also  provisions  at  all  seasons  for  them,  their 
horses  and  cattle,  with  stabling  and  stalling ;  also  a 
sufficient  and  able  boat  to  transport  passengers,  horses 
and  cattle  on  all  occasions.2  A  causeway  was  also 

This  curious  appellation,  whose  origin  has  never  been  satisfactorily 
explained,  seems  to  have  beeii  applied  to  a  strip  of  shore  on  the  Manhat- 
tan Island  side  of  the  wading-place,  then  to  the  crossing  itself  and  the 
creek  leading  therefrom  to  the  Hudson,  and  finally  to  the  neck  which 
still  retains  it.  It  means  "spouting  devil,"  and  may  have  arisen  from 
some  peculiar  upburst  of  water  as  the  tide  rushed  ever  the  reef  which 
obstructs  the  channel  at  that  point.  Mr.  Riker  has  ingeniously  sug- 
gested the  outpour  from  the  guns  of  the  "  Half-Moon  ;"  also  the  gushing 
spring  under  Cock  Hill ;  but  the  explanation  in  Irving's  quaint  and  humor- 
ous legend  of  the  '  Trumpeter'  will  ever  meet  with  popular  acceptance. 
2  "  YE  FERHYMAN — His  RATES. 

"  For  lodging  any  person,  8  pence  per  night,  in  case  they  have  a  bed 
with  sheets  ;  and  without  sheets,  2  pence  in  silver. 

"For  transportation  of  any  person,  1  penny  silver. 

"For  transportation  of  a  man  and  horse,  7  pence  in  silver. 

"  For  a  single  horse,  6  pence. 

"  For  a  turn  with  his  boat,  for  2  horses,  10  pence ;  and  for  any  more 
4  pence  apiece ;  and  if  they  be  driven  over,  half  as  much. 

"For  single  cattle,  as  much  as  a  horse. 
13 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


required  to  be  built  across  the  meadow  from  Paparin- 
amin  to  Fordham,  of  which  Verveelen  was  to  bear 
one-third  of  the  expense  and  Fordham  the  remain- 
der. Archer  called  on  Betts,  Tippett  and  Hadden  to 
help  him  build  his  share  of  the  "  causey."  They  de- 
murred, being  more  interested  in  having  a  bridge 
made  over  the  Bronx  to  East  Chester.  The  dispute 
came  before  the  Governor,  who  decided  that  Betts, 
Tippett  and  Hadden  should  first  aid  with  the  cause- 
way,1 and  then  the  Fordham  peopleshould  help  them 
build  the  bridge.  For  so  doing  the  ferry  was  made 
free  to  Betts,  Tippett  and  Hadden.  Yerveelen  kept 
the  ferry  many  years  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son 
Daniel,  who  was  ferryman  until  the  erection  of  the 
King's  Bridge. 

During  the  last  quarter  of  the  seventeenth  century 
the  Betts,  Tippett  and  Hadden  families,  and  those 
who  had  intermarried  with  them,  and  their  retainers 
and  servants  composed  all  the  population  of  the  Yonk- 
er.soutside  of  Fordham  and  Paparinamin.  Their  homes 
were  grouped  about  a  mile  north  of  Fordham,  where 
they  had  a  "  good  and  strong  block-house." 2  During 
King  Philip's  War,  in  1775,  there  were  fears  of  an 
Indian  outbreak  in  this  colony.  Archer  summoned 
Betts,  Tippett  and  Hadden  to  aid  him  in  the  fortifi- 
cation and  defense  of  Fordham.  They  remonstrated 

"  Fora  boat  loading  of  cattle,  as  he  bath  for  horses. 

"  For  droves  of  cattle  to  be  driven  over,  and  opening  y«  gates,  2  pence  p. 
piece. 

"  For  feeding  of  cattle,  3  pence  in  silver. 

"  For  feeding  a  horse  one  day  or  night  with  hay  or  grasse,  6  pence." 

i  This  causeway  was  on  the  line  of  the  present  McComb  Street. 

*  They  probably  stood  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  present  Van  Cort- 
landt  mansion. 

i         14 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


before  Governor  Andros  that  they  should  not  "  bee 
bound  to  leave  their  houses  and  goods  and  to  please 
the  humours  of  the  said  Mr.  Archer,  thereby  perhaps 
to  lose  all  what  they  have."  The  Governor  excused 
them  from  work  on  the  defenses  of  Fordham,  but  he 
warned  them  to  "be  vigilant  at  their  own  place  and 
keep  watch  upon  all  occasions." 
THEKIXG'S  BRIDGE. — The  increasing  travel  between 
New  York  and  "  the  Maine  "  demanded  a  bridge  in 
place  of  the  ferry.  As  early  as  1680  the  Council  of 
Governor  Andros  had  ordered  "  Spiting  Devil  "  to  be 
viewed  with  reference  to  a  bridge  there.  A  bill  to 
erect  one  was  introduced  in  the  Assembly  in  1691. 
The  next  year  Governor  Fletcher  recommended  its 
construction  by  the  city  of  New  York,  but  the  mu- 
nicipal authorities  were  deterred  from  the  undertak- 
ing by  the  "great  expense."  In  January,  1693,  Fred- 
ryck  Flypsen  offered  to  build  one  at  his  own  expense, 
if  he  could  have  certain  "  easy  and  reasonable  toles." l 
In  June  the  franchise  was  granted  to  Mr.  Flypsen  for 
ninety-nine  years.  The  bridge  was  to  be  twenty-four 
feet  wide,  and  to  be  free  for  all  the  King's  forces,  and 
was  to  be  named  the  "  King's  Bridge."  It  was  built 
during  the  year,  a  few  rods  east  of  the  present  one.'2 
It  had  a  draw  for  the  passage  of  such  craft  as  navi- 
gated the  Harlem  and  a  gate,  set  up  at  the  end,  where 


1  To  wit:  "1   penny  for  each  head  of  neat  cattell  ;  2  pens  for  each 
"mann  and  horse,  and  12  pens  for  each  score  of  hoggs  and  sheep  that 
"  shall  pass  the  said  brige ;  and  9  pens  for  every  boat,  vessell  or  canoo 
"  that  shall  pass  the  said  brige.  and  cause  the  same  to  be  drawne  up." 

2  The  removal  to  its  present  site  was  made  pursuant  to  an  act  of  As- 
sembly passed  in  1713  at  the  petition  of  Flypsen's  grandson,  Frederick 
Phillipse.  then  a  minor. 

15 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


the  keeper  received  the  tolls.1  A  public-house  was 
kept  open  at  the  north  side  for  the  "  entertainment  of 
strangers."  The  bridge  was  owned  by  Mr.  Flypsen's 
grandson  and  great-grandson,  in  succession,  until  it 
was  forfeited  by  the  latter,  Colonel  Frederick  Phil- 
lipse,  because  of  his  adhesion  to  the  crown  in  the  war 
of  independence. 

During  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century 
the  Yonkers  was  sparsely  peopled.  Jacobus  Van 
Cortlandt  bought  a  plot  of  fifty  acres,  known  as 
"  George's  Point,"  2  from  Mr.  Flypsen,  in  1699,  and 
added  to  it  several  hundred  acres  while  he  lived, 
forming  the  bulk  of  the  present  Van  Cortlandt  estate. 
He  made  a  mill-pond  by  damming  up  the  Tippett's 
Brook,  and  set  up  a  grist  and  saw-mill.  In  1704  there 
were  about  twenty  families  in  the  Yonkers.  The 
Betts  and  Tippett  families  partitioned  their  tract  in 
1717,  and  gradually  sold  it  off  to  new  settlers.  Agri- 
culture was  the  chief  industry,  and  the  farms  were 
noted  for  choice  fruits  and  fine  breeds  of  cattle. 
Produce  was  carried  to  market  in  periaugers.  Stone 
quarrying  was  engaged  in  before  the  middle  of  the 
century. 

The  main  highways  were  the  Albany  and  Boston 
post  roads — the  former  opened  to  the  Saw-kill  about 
1669,  and  the  latter  opened  on  the  line  of  the  Old 
Westch ester  Path  to  East  Chester  about  1671.  The 
travel  by  land  was  almost  wholly  on  horseback.  The 

1  Madame  Knight,  crossing  December,  1704,  enroute  to  Boston,  was 
charged  three  pence  "for  passing  over  with  a  horse." 

*  So  called  after  George  Tippett  (2d),  who  conveyed  it  in  1691,  to  his 
brother-in-law,  Joseph  Hadley.  He  sold  to  Matthias  Buckont,  whocon- 
veyed  to  Mr.  Flypsen. 

16 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


common  roads  were  very  poor.  The  mail  to 
Albany  was  carried  by  foot-post.  That  to  Boston  was 
taken  by  post-riders  once  in  three  weeks,  which  time 
was  shortened  in  1731  to  once  a  fortnight.  The  stage- 
coach to  Boston  began  running  in  1772. 

THE  FREE  BRIDGE. — The  King's  Bridge  was  unpop- 
ular because  of  its  tolls ;  also  its  barrier  gate,  which  m  ade 
the  belated  traveler  furious  as  he  shouted  to  awaken 
the  drowsy  gate-keeper  several  rods  away.  A  popular 
subscription  was  started  in  1756  for  building  a  free 
bridge.  Benjamin  Palmer1  headed  the  movement, 
and  when  enough  was  subscribed,  he  attempted  to 
build  it  where  the  first  bridge  had  stood.  Colonel 
Phillipse,  who  owned  the  shore  on  Paparinamin, 
naturally  objected.  Palmer  had  to  go  farther  down 
the  Harlem.  He  interested  with  him  Jacob  Dyck- 
man,  on  the  island,  and  Thomas  Vermilye,  on  the 
Westchester  side,  and  they  began  the  work  from  land 
of  the  former  to  that  of  the  latter.  Colonel  Phillipse, 
"  because  he  knew  it  would  stop  his  bridge  from  tak- 
ing tolls/'  tried  to  prevent  its  construction.  Twice  in 
one  year  he  caused  Palmer's  impressment  "  as  a 
soldier  to  go  to  Canada,"  which  compelled  him  to 
employ  and  pay  for  substitutes.  But  in  spite  of  oppo- 
sition the  structure  was  completed  at  the  close  of 
1758.  It  was  opened  with  a  grand  barbecue  on  New 
Year's  Day,  1759,  and  hundreds  of  people  attended 
from  New  York  City  and  Westchester  County,  and 
"  rejoiced  greatly." 2  A  new  road  was  built  to  connect 

'Who  attempted  to  found  a  city  as  a  rival  to  New  York,  on  an  island 
in  the  Sound,  since  called  "City  Island." 

2  Dyckman,  who  built  a  tavern  at  the  approach  to  the  free  bridge 

(where  the  King's  Bridge  Hotel  now  stands),  failed  soon  afterward,  and 

17 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


the  bridge  with  the  Albany  and  Boston  roads,  and  for  a 
time  all  travel  ceased  across  the  King's  Bridge. 
Colonel  Phillipse's  bridge-keeper  finding  his  occupa- 
tion gone,  threw  up  his  lease,  and  the  proprietor  had 
to  advertise  for  a  new  tenant.  It  is  probable  that 
attempts  to  collect  tolls  were  abandoned  soon  after- 
wards. 

In  1763  the  Rev.  John  Peter  Tetard  purchased  from 
Petrus  Vermilye  a  farm  of  sixty  acres,  near  King's 
Bridge,  lying  on  the  old  Boston  road,  to  which  he 
removed  about  three  years  later.  In  1772  he  opened 
there  a  French  boarding-school,  probably  the  first  in 
New  York,  where,  besides  French,  he  taught  "  the 
most  useful  sciences,  such  as  geography,  the  doctrine 
of  the  spheres,  ancient  and  modern  history,  etc."  The 
house  was  destroyed  during  the  Revolution.  The  old 
stone  archway  yet  standing  near  its  site  is  variously 
called  "  Dominie  Tetard's  Wine  Cellar,"  the  old 
"  powder  magazine,"  the  "  old  bakery,"  etc.,  but  its 
real  purpose  is  unknown.1 

sought  legislative  relief  for  his  outlays  in  its  construction.  Palmer, 
towards  the  end  of  the  century,  unsuccessfully  applied  to  the  Assembly 
for  aid  on  the  same  account.  The  press  took  up  his  cause  and  declared 
that  his  work  had  been  "  the  first  step  towards  freedom  in  this  State,  *  *  * 
"for  it  was  almost  as  difficult  for  Mr.  Palmer  to  get  a  free  bridge  in 
"those  days  as  it  was  for  America  to  get  her  freedom."  Aaron  Burr 
and  others  made  up  a  purse  of  £30  for  the  needy  old  man  in  1800. 

1  Dominie  Tetard  was  born  in  Switzerland  about  1721;  graduated  from 
University  of  Lausanne  and  received  ordination  about  1752  ;  soon  after 
was  pastor  of  French  Church,  Charleston,  S.  C.;  came  to  New  York  1756  ; 
married  Frances,  daughter  of  Robert  Ellison  ;  became  assistant  pastor 
of  Church  du  St.  Esprit,  taking  charge  1764-66,  until  a  new  minister 
could  be  engaged  in  Europe.  After  his  removal  to  King's  Bridge  he  used 
to  preach  in  Fordham  Dutch  Church.  He  was  commissioned  July  G,  1775, 
'  French  interpreter  to  General  Schuyler  and  chaplain  to  the  troops  in 
18 


KING'S  BKIDGE. 


Across  the  Boston  road  from  Tetard's  farm  was  one  of 
about  seventy-five  acres,  which  Richard  Montgomery 
purchased  and  occupied  in  1772,  pursuant  to  his  long- 
cherished  wish  to  leave  the  service  and  engage  in 
husbandry.1  His  house  stood  on  the  brow  of  the  hill, 
near  the  Boston  road,2  and  there  he  lived  until  his 
marriage  to  Janet  Livingston  and  removal  to  another 
farm  he  had  purchased  near  Rhinebeck.3  The  King's 
Bridge  farm  was  devised  to  his  sister  Sarah  .Viscountess 
Ranelagh,  by  the  will  found  by  Arnold  among  his 
papers  at  Quebec,  a  few  days  after  his  untimely 
death.  Fort  Independence  was  erected  on  this  farm, 
a  few  hundred  yards  north  of  the  house  which,  with 
the  out-buildings,  orchards,  fences,  etc.,  was  com- 
pletely destroyed  during  the  Revolution. 

THE  REVOLUTION. — The  inhabitants  of  the  Yonk- 
ers  were  generally  opposed  to  all  efforts  of  the  British 
ministry  to  establish  arbitrary  government  in  the 
colonies.  Colonel  Phillipse  sided  with  the  crown 
and  tried  to  control  his  tenants.  At  their  head, 
he  was  present  at  the  meeting  held  at  the  White 
Plains,  April  11, 1775,  to  appoint  deputies  to  a  conven- 
tion; but  he  declined  "to  have  anything  to  do  with 


the  Colonie,"  with  pay  of  major,  and  went  with  General  Montgomery  to 
Canada.  He  served  as  chaplain  during  the  war,  and  on  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  Columbia  College,  in  1784,  was  made  professor  of  French, 
and  BO  continued  until  his  death,  December  6,  1787,  in  his  sixty-sixth 
year. 

!So  declared  in  a  letter  shortly  prior  to  his  resignation.  He  meant  to 
come  to  America,  "  where  his  pride  and  poverty  would  be  much  more  at 
their  ease." 

2  A  little  way  inside  of  the  gateway  of  Mr.  William  Ogden  Giles. 

3 New  York  Gazetteer,  October  7, 1773,  contains  his  advertisement  of  the 
King's  Bridge  farm  "  at  private  sale." 
19 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


deputies  or  congresses."  After  protesting  against 
"such  illegal  and  unconstitutional  proceedings,"  he 
led  off  his  followers.  Colonel  James  Van  Cortlandt 
and  his  brother  Frederick,  of  the  Yonkers,  heartily 
favored  resistance. 

The  news  from  Lexington  was  shouted  at  every 
threshold  along  the  old  Boston  road  in  the  night  of 
April  22d,  as  the  herald  spurred  on  towards  New 
York.  A  few  days  later  the  inhabitants  were  aiding 
to  unload,  at  King's  Bridge  and  the  hills  beyond, 
upward  of  one  hundred  cannon,1  which  had  been  carted 
out  from  the  city  for  security.  On  the  8th  of  May  the 
new  committee  for  Westchester  County,  on  which 
Frederick  Van  Cortlandt  represented  the  Yonkers, 
chose  Colonel  James  Van  Cortlandt  as  deputy  to  the 
new  Provincial  Congress,  and  he  attended  its  first 
meeting  at  the  exchange  in  Broad  Street. 

The  importance  of  maintaining  communication  by 
land  between  New  York  and  the  country  so  impressed 
the  Continental  Congress  that  it  resolved,  on  May 
25th,  that  a  post  should  be  immediately  taken  and 
fortified  at  King's  Bridge.  On  the  30th  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  appointed  a  committee  of  five,  in- 
cluding Captain  Richard  Montgomery  and  Colonel 
James  Van  Cortlandt  to  view  the  ground  near  the 
bridge  and  report  whether  it  would  admit  of  a  tenable 
fortification.  Their  report  of  June  3d  favored  a  post 
for  three  hundred  men  on  the  hill  adjoining  Hyatt's 
taveru,  but  recommended  no  form  or  dimensions  and 
thought  it  imprudent  to  fortify  until  the  embodi- 

1  Compensation  to  the  heirs  of  Sebring  and  Beeknian,  for  certain  of 
these  guus,  was  provided  for  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  passed  in 
1800. 

20 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


ment  of  troops,  who  could  do  most  of  the  labor. 
Commanding  points  on  Tippett's  and  Tetard's  Hills 
were  suggested  for  additional  works.  On  the  spots 
thus  indicated  forts  were  afterwards  erected  by  the 
Americans,  and  when  captured  by  the  British,  were 
strengthened  and  garrisoned  by  them  for  many  years. l 
Colonel  Van  Cortlandt  was  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Provincial  Congress  to  arrange  the  troops 
and  form  the  militia.  Frederick  Van  Cortlandt, 
Thomas  Emmons,  Williams  Betts  and  William 
Hadley  were  of  the  local  committee  for  the  Yonkers. 
Under  their  supervision  a  militia  company  was 
formed  in  the  precinct,  as  part  of  the  "  South  Battal- 
ion "  of  the  county.  The  roster  included  sixty-four 
names, — Anthony  Allaire,  Abraham  Asten,  George 
Berrien,  Wm.  Betts,  Frederick,  Gilbert  and  Robert 
Brown,  HendrickBrowne,Jr.,  Henry  Bursen,Jno. Cock, 
Jno.  and  Edw'd  Cortright,  Geo.  and  Jas.  Crawford,  Jno. 
Cregier,  Daniel  Deen,  John  Devoe,  Abraham  Em- 
mons, Benj.,  Thos.  and  Robert  Farrington,  Usial 
Fountain,  Wm.  and  Isaac  Green,  Geo.,  Isaac,  Jos.  and 
Wm.  Hadley,  Thos.  Merrill,  Jas.  Munro,  Jos.  Jr.,  and 
Thos.  Oakley,  Abraham  and  John  Odell,  Jas.  Parker, 
Abm.  Dennis,  Isaac,  Israel,  Jacob,  Lewis,  Martin 
and  Wm.  Post,  Henry  Presher,  Tobias  Rickman,  Wm. 
Rose,  Edward  and  John  Ryer,  Francis  Smith,  Chas. 
Elnathan,  Jr.,  Elijah,  Henry  and  Jacob  Taylor, 
Izarell  Underbill.  Frederick  Van  Cortlandt,  Abm, 
Frederick  and  Josh.  Vermilye,  John  and  Wm.  Warner, 


1  The  British  called  the  redoubt  on  the  hill  near  Hyatt's  tavern  "  Ft. 
Prince  Charles ;  "  the  one  on  Tippett's  Hill  "  Number  Three,  and  the  one  on 
Tetard's  Hill,  the  American  Ft.  Independence,  "  Number  Four." 
21 


KINO'S  BRIDGE. 


Geo.  Wertz,  John  and  Samuel  Williams.  On  August 
24,  1775,  they  chose  John  Cock,  captain  ;  Wm.  Betts, 
first  lieutenant ;  John  Warner,  second  lieutenant ;  and 
Jacob  Post,  ensign.  The  names  were  sent  to  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  for  commissions.  The  county  com- 
mittee protested  against  the  captain  elect,  and  on  the 
llth  of  September  presented  the  affidavit  of  William 
Hadley,  of  the  district  committee,  that  when  he  pre- 
sented the  "  general  association  "  to  Cock,  he  said,  "  I 
sign  this  with  my  hand,  but  not  with  my  heart ;  for 
I  would  not  have  signed  it,  had  it  not  been  for  my 
wife  and  family's  sake."  The  friends  of  Cock  rallied 
to  his  support.  A  majority  of  the  company  and  a  score 
more  inhabitants  of  Yonkers J  sent  down  a  petition  in 
his  favor,  stating  that  he  had  been  chosen  "  for  his 
well-known  skill  and  ability  in  the  military  disci- 
pline," and  that  the  complaints  were  made  out  of 
"  spite  and  malice."  But  further  affidavits  by  Isaac 
Green  and  George  Hadley,  that  Cock  "  had  damned 
the  Continental  Congress,"  satisfied  the  Committee  of 
Safety  that  it  was  improper  to  give  Cock  a  commission. 
The  local  committee  was  ordered  to  hold  a  new  elec- 
tion, "  taking  care  to  give  public  notice  that  John 
Cock  cannot  be  admitted  to  any  office  whatso- 
ever." 2 

iThey  were  Matthias,  Anthony  and  Benjamin  Archer,  Benjamin  Are- 
dan,  Stephen  Bastine,  Ezekial  and  Henry  Brown,  George  Crawford, 
Benjamin  Farrington,  Jonathan  Fowler,  JohnGnereneau,  Samuel  Law- 
rence, Henry  and  Jordan  Norrig,  David,  Jr.,  and  Moses  Oakley,  Abm., 
James  and  Thomas  Rich,  Elnathan  Taylor  and  Thomas  Tippett. 

z  Cock  kept  the  old  tavern  on  the  north  side  of  King's  Bridge.    The 

head  of  the  overthrown  statue  of  George  III.,  in  the  Bowling  Green,  was 

carried  to  Fort  Washington,  to  be  fixed  to  a  spike  on  the  flag-staff.  While 

it  was  left  temporarily  at  Jacob  Moore's  tavern,  near  by,  an  emissary 

22 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


The  twenty-one  nine-pounders  carried  off  from  the 
Battery  by  the  Sons  of  Liberty,  August  23d,  were 
hauled  up  to  King's  Bridge  and  left  with  the  rest  in 
care  of  the  minute  men.  In  the  night  of  January  17, 
1776,  more  than  fifty  guns  near  Williams',  and  as  many 
in  the  fields  near  Isaac  Valentine's,  were  spiked  or 
"  loaded  and  stopped  with  stones  and  other  rubbish." 
Search  was  made  for  the  perpetrators.  John  Fowler 
was  brought  before  the  Committee  of  Safety  on  the 
23d,  charged  with  a  recent  purchase  of  rat-tail  files 
in  New  York.  He  implicated  William  Lounsbery, 
of  Mamaroneck,  as  the  real  purchaser.  They  were 
imprisoned.  Jacamiah  Allen  was  employed  to  unspike 
the  guns  at  twenty  shillings  each.  He  raised  them 
on  fires  of  several  cords  of  wood,  tended  day  and 
night  to  soften  the  spikes,  and  by  March  16th  he  had 
unspiked  eighty-two  and  expected  to  soon  complete 
the  work.  These  guns  were  afterwards  mounted 
in  the  works  erected  by  the  American  troops  on  the 
hills  about  King's  Bridge. 

In  February,  1776,  Augustus  Van  Cortlandt,  clerk 
of  New  York  City,  reported  to  the  Committee  of 
Safety  that  for  their  security  he  had  removed  the 
public  records  to  Yonkers.  They  were  deposited  in 
Colonel  Van  Cortlandt's  family  burial  vault1  and 


from  Colonel  Montresor  went  out  through  the  "rebel  camp"  with  a 
message  to  Cock  to  steal  and  bury  the  head.  This  was  done  (probably 
at  Cock's  tavern),  and  when  the  British  arrived,  in  November,  1776,  it 
was  dug  up  and  sent  in  care  of  Lady  Gage  to  Lord  Townsend,  "  to  con- 
vince them  at  home  of  the  infamous  disposition  of  the  ungrateful  people 
of  this  distracted  country." 

1  This  ancient  depository  of  the  city  records  is  still  used  as  a  burial- 
place  by  the  family,  and  gives  the  name  to  the  bill  on  which  it  is  lo- 
cated. 

23 


KING'S  BRIIH.K. 


were  still  there  in  December ;  but  it  is  probable  the 
British  were  soon  afterwards  apprised  of  their  place 
of  concealment  and  had  them  returned  to  the  city. 

On  the  18th  of  March  the  Yonkers  militia  held  a 
new  election  and  chose  John  Warner,  captain;  Jacob 
Post,  first  lieutenant ;  Samuel  Lawrence,  second 
lieutenant ;  and  Isaac  Post,  ensign.  In  May  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  had  in  service  the  armed  schooner 
"  General  Putnam,"  commanded  by  Captain  Thomas 
Cregier,  of  King's  Bridge.  After  months  of  inactivity 
at  the  heads  of  inlets  when  he  should  have  been  at 
sea,  Cregier  was  discharged  for  inefficiency  and  the 
vessel  was  sold. 

Early  in  June  Washington  visited  and  inspected 
the  grounds  above  King's  Bridge.  He  found  them 
to  admit  of  seven  places  well  calculated  for  defense. 
"  Esteeming  it  a  pass  of  the  utmost  importance  in 
order  to  keep  open  communication  with  the  coun- 
try," he  set  two  Pennsylvania  regiments  at  work  on 
their  fortification,  and  put  bodies  of  militia  to  the 
same  labor  as  fast  as  they  arrived.  In  General 
Orders  of  July  2d,  Mifflin  was  directed  to  repair  to 
King's  Bridge  and  to  use  his  utmost  endeavors  to 
forward  the  works.  "  The  time  is  now  at  hand  which 
must  probably  determine  whether  Americans  are  to  be 
freemen  or  slaves"  is  a  memorable  sentence  in  this 
order.  The  enemy  was  ready  to  disembark  in  the 
lower  bay.  It  was  unknown  from  what  quarter  their 
attack  would  come.  Mifflin  thought  they  would  di- 
vert attention  to  the  heights  above  King's  Bridge, 
and  it  was  reported  they  meant  to  erect  strong  works 
there  to  cutoff  communication  between  city  and 
Country.  On  the  12th  of  July  the  ships  of  war  "Rose" 


KING'S'BEIDGE. 


and  "Phoenix"  sailed  up  the  Hudson,  and  unaware  of 
the  new  batteries  which  had  been  planted  on  Tip- 
pett's  and  Cock  Hills,  anchored  near  the  mouth  of 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek.  A  dozen  guns  opened  fire 
on  them  and  "  did  great  execution."  On  the  15th 
additional  troops  were  hurried  out  to  King's  Bridge, 
the  destruction  of  which  was  apprehended.  Three 
hundred  men  were  sent  up  the  Harlem  River  in 
boats  on  the  19th  and  were  put  to  work  on  the  forts. 
Engineers  were  assigned,  tools  supplied  and  the  work 
carried  on  night  and  day  during  the  ensuing  fort- 
night. On  the  8th  of  August  General  Clinton  was 
directed  to  send  expresses  to  Ulster.  Dutchess,  Orange 
and  Westchester  Counties,  to  hasten  levies  and 
march  them  down  to  the  fort  erected  on  the  north 
side  of  the  bridge.  On  the  13th  General  Heath  was 
put  in  command  of  the  division  stationed  there  and 
large  quantities  of  provisions  and  ammunition  were 
sent  up.  The  "  Rose  "  and  "  Phoenix  "  with  their  tenders 
were  anchored  off  Mt.  St.  Vincent.  On  the  nights  of 
the  14th,  15th  and  16th  numbers  of  officers  and  men, 
(including  on  two  occasions  Generals  Heath  and 
Clinton)  gathered  on  Tippett's  Hill  to  witness  an  at- 
tempt to  destroy  these  vessels  with  fire-ships.  It  was 
made  at  midnight  on  the  17th.  A  flaming  galley  set 
fire  to  one  of  the  tenders  and  consumed  her  with 
"  horrid  flames."  At  sunrise  on  the  18th  the  frigates 
and  remaining  tenders  fled  down  stream,  and  ran 
through  the  chevaux-de-frise  under  a  heavy  cannonade 
from  the  "  Blue  Bell  Fort  "  l  and  Fort  Lee.  On  th 
21st  Washington  assigned  the  new  engineer 

1  Fort  Washington,  near  which  the  old  Blue  Bell  tavern  stood. 
25 


KING'S 


Monsieur  Martin  to  the  post  at  King's  Bridge 
and  under  his  direction  work  was  pressed 
on  the  fortifications.  On  the  23d  Clinton's 
brigade  was  ordered  into  camp.  Colonel  Thomas's 
regiment  pitched  on  the  south  side  of  Fort  Independ- 
ence, Colonel  Graham's  about  half  a  mile  farther 
southward,  Colonel  Paulding's  and  Colonel  Nicholas' 
on  the  flat  below,  near  Corsa's  orchard,  and  Colonel 
Swartwout  on  the  southerly  end  of  Tippett's  Hill.  On 
the  25th  a  detachment  went  down  from  King's  Bridge 
to  Paulus  Hook  in  "  the  flat-bottomed  boat "  and 
brought  back  a  number  of  gun-carriages,  on  which 
cannon  were  mounted  in  the  new  works.  Colonel 
Swartwout's  regiment  threw  up  a  battery  "on  the 
north  side  of  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  at  its  very 
mouth,"  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  approaching  the 
bridge  in  boats,  and  also  constructed  two  additional 
redoubts  on  the  top  of  Tippett's  Hill,  one  of  which  was 
called  "  Fort  Swartwout."  l  No  "  fatigue  rum  "  was 
allowed  to  any  one  engaged  on  these  works,  except  on 
certificate  that  he  had  been  "faithful,  obedient  and 
industrious."  On  the  27th  the  Provincial  Congress, 
then  sitting  at  Harlem,  alarmed  by  the  defeat  on 
Long  Island,  ordered  its  records  and  papers,  and  the 
receiver-general's  chest  to  be  taken  at  once  to  the 
camp  at  King's  Bridge.  On  the  29th  Heath  impressed 
every  boat  and  craft  at  the  post  and  hurried  them 
down  to  Washington  for  use  in  the  retreat  from  Long 
Island.  On  the  31st  the  inhabitants  began  driving 
their  cattle  into  the  interior.  The  Committee  of 


i  The  night  guard  in  this  work,  October  17,  1776,  was  one  captain,  two 
lieutenants  and  fifty  men. 

26 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


Safety  now  urged  on  Washington  the  defensibility  of 
the  country  above  the  bridge  and  the  dreadful  conse- 
quences of  its  occupation  by  the  enemy.  He  replied 
that  the  defensible  state  of  that  ground  had  not  es- 
caped him,  and  that  as  the  posts  at  King's  Bridge 
were  of  such  great  importance,  he  hoped  the  con- 
vention would  afford  aid  for  their  defense.  When  it 
became  evident  in  September  that  the  city  was  un- 
tenable by  the  Americans  in  the  face  of  the  superior 
British  force,  Washington  determined  to  take  post  at 
King's  Bridge  and  along  the  Westchester  shore,  where 
barracks  could  be  procured  for  the  part  of  the  army 
without  tents.  He  concluded  to  leave  five  thousand 
men  on  the  island  for  defense  of  the  city,  and  to  post 
nine  thousand  at  King's  Bridge  and  its  dependencies. 
On  the  8th  Heath  was  instructed  to  fell  trees  across 
the  roads  towards  the  bridge,  to  dig  holes  in  them, 
break  them  up  and  destroy  them  so  as  to  be  impassable. 
The  next  day  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  boards 
were  ordered  for  the  barracks  at  the  bridge,  also  brick 
and  stones  for  ovens,  which  all  soldiers  who  were 
masons  were  ordered  to  assist  in  making. 

Meanwhile  the  inhabitants  suffered  from  the  occu- 
pation of  their  farms.  Fences  were  pulled  down  and 
burned  and  corn-fields,  gardens  and  orchards  pillaged. 
The  orders  of  the  day  pronounced  it  "  cruel  as  well 
as  unjust  and  scandalous  thus  to  destroy  the  inhab- 
itants by  destroying  the  little  property  for  which 
they  have  been  sweating  and  toiling  through  the 
summer  and  were  expecting  very  soon  to  reap  the 
fruits  of." 

Howe's  movement  to  Throg's  Neck  caused  Wash- 
ington to  call  a  meeting  of  general  officers  at  King's 

27 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


Bridge.  It  was  held  on  the  16th  of  October,  when  it 
was  determined  to  abandon  Manhattan  Island.  On 
the  19th  strong  pickets  were  established  and  frequent 
night  patrols  made  through  all  the  region  about 
King's  Bridge.  On  the  20th  Washington  moved  his 
headquarters  to  the  bridge,  where  the  main  army 
was  now  in  barracks,  and  continued  there  until  the 
22d.  During  the  next  few  days  the  army  moved  off 
to  the  heights  of  the  Bronx,  leaving  garrisons  in  the 
forts  about  King's  Bridge  under  orders  to  destroy 
them  on  the  enemy's  approach  in  force.  Col.  Lasher, 
in  Fort  Independence,  was  "  to  burn  the  barracks, 
quit  the  post  and  join  the  army,  by  way  of  the  North 
River,  at  White  Plains."  At  three  in  the  morning  of 
the  28th  the  long  lines  of  barracks  were  fired  and  the 
forts  abandoned.  Their  garrisons  either  withdrew 
to  Fort  Washington,  or,  crossing  to  New  Jersey, 
rejoined  their  regiments  at  White  Plains  by  way  of 
King's  Ferry.  Gen.  Greene,  coming  out  from  Fort 
Washington,  found  several  hundred  stand  of  small 
arms,  great  numbers  of  spears,  shot,  shells,  etc.  To 
carry  these  off  he  impressed  all  the  wagons  in  the 
neighborhood.  He  then  dismantled  King's  Bridge 
and  the  Free  Bridge.  On  the  evening  of  the  29th 
General  Knyphausen,  with  a  force  of  Hessians  and 
Waldeckers  which  had  landed  at  New  Rochelle,  ap- 
proached Fort  Independence  by  the  old  Boston  road, 
and,  finding  it  deserted,  occupied  it  the  following 
day.  He  took  possession  of  the  other  works  on 
Tetard's  Hill  and  occupied  them  until  November  2d. 
Then,  with  part  of  his  forces,  he  descended  and  took 
a  position  on  Paparinamin,  north  of  King's  Bridge. 
Having  repaired  the  bridge,  he  crossed  over  and 

28 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


occupied  the  deserted  American  post  on  the  opposite 
hill,  but  retired  on  the  4th.  He  crossed  again  on  the 
7th  with  fifteen  hundred  men  and  took  positions  on 
the  hills  commanding  the  old  King's  Bridge  road. 
On  the  16th  the  remainder  of  General  Knyphausen's 
force  crossed  over  the  Free  Bridge  and  united  in  the 
capture  of  Fort  Washington,  which  thereafter  took 
his  name. 

Being  now  possessed  of  the  whole  of  Manhattan 
Island,  the  British  adopted  and  strengthened  the 
American  works  at  and  about  King's  Bridge  for  the 
defense  of  New  York  City.  Beginning  with  the 
westerly  redoubt  on  Spuyten  Duyvil  Neck,  and  going 
eastward,  and  from  Fort  Independence  southward, 
they  were  distinguished  by  the  numbers  1  to  8,  inclu- 
sive. 

Number  One  was  located  where  the  house  of  the 
late  Peter  O.  Strang  stands,  in  grading  for  which  all 
traces  of  the  fort  were  obliterated.  It  was  square, 
and  overlooked  the  Hudson  and  Spuyten  Duyvil 
Creek  at  their  confluence. 

Number  Two  was  a  circular  redoubt  on  the  crown 
of  the  hill  in  the  field  west  of  Warren  B.  Sage's  resi- 
dence. Its  walls  are  yet  discernible.1  This  was  the 
American  Fort  Swartwout.  In  the  adjoining  field  to 
the  westward  a  flanking  redan  may  yet  be  seen  over- 
looking the  Eiverdale  road. 

1  Miscalled  "  Ft.  Independence,"  on  Sauthier's  and  other  British  maps, 
an  error  which  has  misled  some  modern  writers.  The  same  misnomer 
has  been  perpetuated  otherwise.  The  Coast  Survey  so  calls  it  in  a  diagram 
of  the  triangulation  point  on  its  wall.  These  errors  probably  arose  from 
confounding  the  name  "Tetard's  Hill,"  on  which  Fort  Independence 
stood,  with  "Tippett's  Hill,"  whereon  the  fort  in  question  was  located. 
29 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


Number  Three  stood  where  Warren  B.  Sage's  house 
now  stands,  on  the  easterly  brow  of  Spuyten  Duyvil 
Hill  and  directly  overlooking  the  post  on  the  north- 
erly end  of  Manhattan  Island  at  King's  Bridge,  called 
Fort  Prince  Charles1  by  the  British.  Numbers  one, 
two  and  three  were  first  garrisoned  in  1777.  In  No- 
vember, 1778,  the  three  works  had  a  garrison  of  one 
hundred  and  ten  officers  and  men.  They  were  aban- 
doned by  the  British  in  the  fall  of  1779. 

The  creek  near  Johnson's  foundry  was  crossed  by 
a  pontoon  bridge,  and  a  military  road  ran  from  it  up 
the  easterly  side  of  the  hill  to  and  along  Spring 
Street,  where  it  branched  off  to  the  Redoubts  One, 
Two  and  Three. 

Number  Four  was  the  American  Fort  Independence, 
on  Tetard's  Hill,  across  the  valley.  The  house  ot 
William  Ogden  Giles  now  stands  on  its  site.  It  was 
built  on  the  farm  of  General  Richard  Montgomery, 
and  may  have  been  laid  out  by  him.  It  occupied  a 
most  commanding  position  overlooking  the  Albany 
road  on  one  side  and  the  Boston  road  on  the  other. 
It  had  two  bastions  at  the  westerly  angles. 

The  British  garrisoned  it  continuously  from  its  cap- 
ture until  they  removed  its  guns,  August  16th,  its 
wood-work,  August  17th,  and  demolished  its  maga- 
zine, September  12,  1779.  It  was  not  garrisoned  again 
during  the  war.  A  number  of  iron  six-pounders  were 
dug  up  inside  its  walls,  by  Mr.  Giles,  when  excavat- 
ing his  cellar,  about  thirty  years  ago.  Two  of  them 
are  now  mounted  in  a  miniature  fort  on  his  grounds. 

Number  five  was  a  square  redoubt,  whose  walls  are 


1  This  work  is  yet  standing. 
30 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


yet  standing  on  the  old  Tetard  farm,  a  little  way  north 
from  H.  B.  Claflin's  stables.  It  is  about  seventy  feet 
square.  It  was  occupied  in  1777,  and  dismantled 
September  18, 1779. 

Number  Six  stood  just  west  of  the  present  road  to 
High  Bridge,  and  its  site  is  now  occupied  by  a  house 
formerly  owned  by  John  B.  Haskin. 

Number  Seven  was  on  the  Cammann  place.  No 
trace  remains. 

Number  Eight  was  on  land  now  owned  by  H.  W.  T. 
Mali  and  Gustav  Schwab.  The  latter's  house  occu- 
pies part  of  its  site. 

King's  Battery  is  on  the  grounds  of  Nathaniel  P. 
Bailey,  and  is  still  preserved. 

Another  redoubt,  semicircular  in  form,  is  yet 
standing  on  the  old  Bussing  farm,  just  north  of  the  town 
line,  and  distant  about  one  thousand  feet  northeasterly 
from  the  William's  Bridge  Station  on  the  Harlem  Rail- 
road. It  commanded  the  road  and  bridge  across  the 
Bronx,  and  was  one  of  the  series  of  works  thrown  up 
by  Washington  along  the  heights  of  the  Bronx  and 
extending  northerly  to  White  Plains,  at  the  approach 
of  Howe.  General  Heath  located  it  and  Colonels 
Ely  and  Douglas  were  engaged  upon  it  October  6, 
1776. l 

An  outpost  of  light  troops  was  established  near 
Mosholu  and  maintained  throughout  each  year.  The 
force  was  usually  composed  of  German  mounted  and 

1  Between  this  fort  and  Fort  Independence,  on  the  southerly  side  of 
the  Boston  road,  and  on  the  Corsa  farm,  stood  "  Negro  Fort,"  so  called, 
it  is  said,  because  garrisoned  by  a  company  of  negroes  from  Virginia. 
The  British  kept  an  outguard  there  in  the  winter  of  1776-77.  No  trace 
of  it  remains,  a  house  now  occupying  its  site. 
31 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


foot  yagers  and  a  company  of  chasseurs  formed  of 
detachments  from  the  different  Hessian  regiments  in 
New  York.1  Their  camp  was  on  Frederick  Van 
Cortlandt's  farm,  near  his  house."  They  made  fre- 
quent patrols  out  Mile  Square  road,  over  Valentine's 
Hill  and  Boar  Hill  to  Phillipse's  Mills  and  back  by 
the  Albany  post  road.  Two  three-pound  Amusettes 
were  sometimes  taken  on  these  rounds. 

Another  camp  of  light  troops  and  cavalry  was  es- 
tablished at  the  foot  of  Tetard's  Hill,  between  King's 
Bridge  and  the  Free  Bridge.  It  was  long  occupied 
by  Emmerick's  chasseurs,  formed  in  1777,  Simcoe's 
rangers  and  other  Royalist  troops.  The  King's  Bridge 
was  made  the  Barrier,  and  the  old  tavern  on  the 
north  side  became  the  watch-house. 

During  the  protracted  struggle  the  Yonkers  was 
the  scene  of  constant  military  activity.  Numerous 
unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  by  the  Americans 
to  recapture  the  posts  on  Tippett's  and  Tetard's  Hills, 
and  plans  of  winter  attacks  across  the  frozen  Har- 
lem and  Spuyten  Duyvil  were  often  laid  and  foiled. 
The  rangers  of  Simcoe  and  De  Lancey,  the  yagers  of 

'In  1778  five  companies  of  foot  and  one  of  mounted  yagers,  under  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Von  Wurmb.  In  1779  the  yagere  and  Lord  Rawdon's 
corps. 

Captain  Ton  Hanger's  company  of  chasseurs,  in  1778,  consisted  of  four 
officers,  twelve  sub-officers,  three  drummers  and  one  hundred  privates- 
selected  from  the  Leib,  Erb  Prinz,  Prinz  Carl,  Donop,  Mirback,  Trim- 
bach,  Losberg,  Knyphausen,  Woelwarth,  Wiessenbach  and  Sietz  Regi- 
ments. 

*  Known  as  the  "Upper  Cortlandts,"  in  distinction  from  Colonel 
Jacobus  Van  Cortlandt's  house  on  the  plain,  called  "  Lower  Cortlandts." 
The  former  was  also  called  "Coitlandt's  white-house"  sometimes.  It 
was  burned  about  1826,  and  the  present  residence  of  Waldo  Hutchius 
was  erected  on  its  site. 

32 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


Von  Wurmb  and  the  chasseurs  of  Emmerick  were 
often  met  and  engaged  by  troops  of  American  Light 
Horse,  under  the  fiery  Colonel  Armand  and  other 
dashing  leaders,  on  the  high-roads  and  by-ways  of 
the  Yonkers  plantation.  It  was  also  the  scene  of 
ceaseless  ravages  by  those  irregular  bands,  known  as 
"  Cowboys"  and  "  Skinners."  Most  of  the  inhabit- 
ants went  into  exile,  and  were  refugees  within  either 
the  American  or  British  lines.  Their  homes  were 
desolated,  their  buildings,  fences  and  orchards  de- 
stroyed. The  Tippetts  were  mainly  Tories.  In  1776, 
General  George  Clinton  arrested  Gilbert  Tippett  for 
"practices  and  declarations  inimical  to  American 
liberty."  Colonel  James  De  Lancey  had  married 
a  cousin,  Martha  Tippett.  The  Warners,  Hadleys, 
Valentines,  Bettses,  Corsas,  Posts  and  other  old  resi- 
dents were  nearly  all  stanch  Whigs,  and  supplied 
some  of  the  ablest  guides  and  minute-men  of  the 
Revolution. 

THE  SIEGE  OF  FOKT  INDEPENDENCE. — In  January, 
1777,  General  Heath  made  a  movement  against  the 
British  outposts  at  King's  Bridge. *  His  forces  were 
chiefly  Connecticut  volunteers  and  Dutchess  County 
militia.  They  moved  down  on  the  night  of  the  17th, 
in  three  divisions — the  right,  under  General  Lincoln, 
from  Tarrytown  by  the  old  Albany  road,  to  the 
heights  above  Colonel  Van  Cortlandt's  ;  the  centre, 
under  General  Scott,  from  below  White  Plains  to  the 
rear  of  Valentine's  house,2  on  the  Boston  road;  and 

1  The  follow  ing  account  of  the  movement  is  condensed  from  Heath's 
and  contemporary  British  reports. 

2  Now  and  for  nearly  a  century  past  the  Varian  homestead,  an  ancient 
stone  house  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  road. 

33 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


the  left,  under  Generals  Wooster  and  Parsons,  from 
New  Rochelle  and  East  Chester  to  Williams'  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Bronx  above  the  bridge.  The 
three  divisions  arrived  simultaneously  at  the  enemy's 
outposts  just  before  sunrise  on  the  18th.  Gen- 
eral Lincoln  surprised  the  guard  above  Van  Cort- 
landt's,  capturing  arms,  equipage,  etc.  Heath  moving 
with  the  centre,  as  it  approached  Valentine's  house, 
ordered  its  cannonade  by  Captain  Bryant  in  case  of 
resistance  from  the  guard  quartered  there,  and  sent 
two  hundred  and  fifty  men  at  double-quick  to  the 
right  into  the  hollow  between  the  house  and  Fort 
Independence  to  cut  off  the  guard.  Just  then  two 
British  light  horsemen,  reconnoitering  out  the  Boston 
road,  came  unexpectedly  on  the  head  of  Wooster's 
column  where  the  road  descends  to  Williams'  bridge. 
Before  they  could  turn,  a  field-piece  dismounted  one, 
who  was  taken  prisoner,  while  the  other  galloped  back 
crying  "  The  rebels !  the  rebels  ! "  which  set  all 
outguards  and  pickets  running  to  the  fort,  leaving 
arms,  blankets,  provisions,  tools,  etc.,  behind.  Those 
fleeing  from  Valentine's  and  the  Negro  Fort  were 
fired  on  and  one  captured.  The  American  left  and 
centre  were  then  moved  into  the  hollow  between 
Valentine's  and  Fort  Independence,  and  the  surren- 
der of  the  latter  was  demanded  and  refused.  The 
garrison  consisted  of  a  body  of  Hessians  and  Colonel 
Rogers'  rangers.  Heath  sent  a  detachment  with  two 
field-pieces  southward  to  the  brow  of  the  hill  over- 
looking the  Free  Bridge, 1  and  opened  fire  on  a  bat- 
talion of  Hessians  drawn  up  across  the  Harlem,  back 

Probably  to  a  point  on  the  old  Tetard  farm,  now  Claflin's  land. 
34 


KING  8   BRIDGE. 


of  Hyatt's  tavern.  The  enemy  settled  down  as  the 
shot  passed  them,  and  one  piece  being  moved  lower 
down,  they  retired  rapidly  behind  their  redoubt,  l 
receiving  a  shot  as  they  were  turning  the  point.  The 
enemy  now  opened  on  Heath's  artillerymen  from 
guns  he  had  not  suspected  to  be  in  the  redoubt,  and 
the  men  hastily  drew  their  pieces  back,  receiving  sev- 
eral shots  before  they  reached  the  top  of  the  hill. 

The  success  of  this  movement  on  the  British  out- 
posts flew  through  the  country  and  was  magnified  into 
the  reduction  and  capture  of  Fort  Independence  and 
its  garrison.  Washington  communicated  this  report 
to  Congress  before  receiving  official  accounts,  causing 
a  double  disappointment  when  the  facts  were  known. 
The  Tory  press  in  New  York  City  reported  it  as  an 
attack  on  Fort  Independence  by  a  large  body  of 
rebels,  who  were  "  bravely  repulsed." 

On  the  19th  the  enemy  opened  fire  from  the  fort 
and  killed  one  American.  Heath  determined  to  cut 
off  the  British  battalion  at  Hyatt's  by  passing  one 
thousand  men  over  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek  on  the  ice. 
It  was  very  cold.  The  men  were  detached  and  gath- 
ered at  Spuyten  Duyvil  Eidge  for  the  attack,  but 
before  morning  the  weather  had  so  moderated  that  it 
was  deemed  too  hazardous  to  make  the  attempt. 
There  was  cannonading  on  both  sides  on  the  20th, 
and  the  enemy  on  the  island  were  thrown  into  much 
confusion.  Heath  observing  that  the  enemy,  when 
fired  at  across  the  Harlem,  found  shelter  behind  the 
hill  at  Hyatt's,  had  a  field-piece  hauled  up  to  the 

1  The  fort  on  the  hill  at  northerly  end   of  Manhattan   Island,   over- 
looking  the  King's  and  Free  Bridges, — originally  built  hy  Americans 
and  called  by  the  British  "Fort  Prince  Charles." 
35 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


brow  of  Tippett's  Hill,  and  opened  fire  on  both  their 
front  and  rear  on  the  afternoon  of  the  21st.  Some 
of  the  enemy  found  shelter  in  their  redoubt,  others 
under  the  banks  ;  some  lay  flat  on  the  ground  and 
some  betook  themselves  to  the  cellars,  so  that  pres- 
ently there  was  no  object  for  the  gunners.  A  smart 
skirmish  occurred  at  Fort  Independence  on  the  22d. 
To  keep  up  the  appearance  of  serious  designs  upon  the 
fort,  Heath  ordered  fascines,  etc.,  to  be  made,  and 
sent  for  a  brass  twenty-four  pounder  and  a  howitzer 
from  New  Castle.  Another  skirmish  took  place  near 
the  south  side  of  the  fort  on  the  23d,  just  before  dusk, 
in  which  the  Americans  had  an  ensign  and  private 
killed,  and  five  men  wounded.  On  the  24th  a  eevere 
storm  began ;  Lincoln  'a  division  had  to  quit 
their  huts  in  the  woods  back  of  Colonel  Van  Cort- 
landt's,  and  move  back,  some  even  to  Dobbs  Ferry, 
to  find  shelter.  A  freshet  in  the  Bronx  caused  the 
water  to  run  over  Williams'  bridge.  Early  on  the 
25th,  the  enemy  sallied  from  Fort  Independence 
towards  De  Lancey's  Mills,  surprised  and  routed  the 
guard,  wounding  several  and  causing  a  regiment  to 
quit  its  quarters.  By  British  accounts  they  also  took 
one  piece  of  cannon.  About  ten  o'clock  they  made 
a  sally  out  the  Boston  road  in  force,  drove  the  guards 
from  Negro  Fort  and  Valentine's  house,  and  pushed 
on  so  impetuously,  keeping  up  a  brisk  fire,  that  the 
retreating  guards  threw  themselves  into  the  old 
American  redoubt x  overlooking  Williams'  bridge. 
The  enemy  thereupon  lined  a  strong  stone  wall  a  few 


1  This  old  Kevolut  ionury  work  may  still  be  traced  011  the  bill  north- 
west from  the  bridge.  It  IB  semicircular  in  form  and  was  laid  out  by 
Heath  in  the  fall  of  1776. 

36 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


rods  distant  to  the  southwest.  Two  regiments  of 
militia  were  at  once  formed  in  the  road  near  Wil- 
liams' house,  across  the  Bronx,  and  were  sent  by  Gen- 
eral Heath,  in  support  of  Captain  Bryant  with  his 
piece,  across  the  submerged  bridge.  When  nearly 
up  the  hill  on  the  Boston  road,  Bryant  unlimbered 
to  prevent  his  horses  being  shot,  and  the  men 
took  the  drag-ropes ;  but  the  steepness  of  the  ascent 
required  the  'dragging  of  the  piece  almost  within 
pistol-shot  before  it  could  be  depressed  enough  to  bear 
on  the  enemy.  Its  first  shot  opened  a  breach  in  the 
wall  four  or  five  feet  wide,  the  next  made  another 
opening,  whereupon  the  enemy  fled  back  to  Fort  In- 
dependence with  the  greatest  precipitation.  The 
Americans  had  two  killed  and  a  number  wounded. 
On  the  27th  the  brass  twenty-four  pounder  and  the 
howitzer  arrived  and  opened  on  the  fort.  The  former 
sprung  her  carriage  after  the  third  discharge.  There 
were  no  live  shells  for  the  howitzer.  No  regular 
cannonade  of  the  fort  was,  in  fact,  ever  contemplated. 
Attempts  were  made  to  draw  the  enemy  out  of  the 
fort.  A  detachment  was  sent  to  Morrisania  to  light 
numerous  fires  at  night ;  and,  to  induce  the  enemy  to 
suppose  the  Americans  were  collecting  there  with 
designs  of  crossing  to  New  York  at  or  near  Harlem, 
large  boats  were  brought  forward  on  carriages.  The 
British  garrison  on  Montressor's  (Randall's)  Island, 
alarmed  at  this,  set  fire  to  the  buildings  and  fled  to 
New  York. 1  A  brigade  of  the  enemy  moved  up  to 

'By  Tory  accounts  the  "rebels"  went  overto  Montressor's  Island  and 
"  burnt  Colonel  Montressor's  house  to  the  ground,  and   ravaged   what- 
ever they  could  meet  with  "  on  this  occasion. 
87 


85928 


KING'S  BRIDOK. 


Fort  Washington  and  a  detachment  was  sent  for  from 
Rhode  Island. 

On  the  29th  a  severe  snow-storm  came  on.  Gens. 
Lincoln,  Wooster,  Scott  and  Tenbroeck  were  unani- 
mous that  the  troops  ought  to  move  back  where  they 
could  be  protected  from  the  inclement  weather,  espe- 
cially as  they  had  no  artillery  with  which  to  take  the 
fort,  and  were  opposed  to  any  idea  of  assault  or  storm 
with  militia.  Accordingly,  after  dusk,-  the  American 
forces  retired  northward  and  eastward  in  good  order  to 
their  former  stations,  and  the  siege  of  Fort  Indepen- 
dence was  abandoned.  The  boldness  of  these  opera- 
tions, by  raw  militia,  and  for  so  long  a  period,  in  face 
of  the  strong  force  of  British  and  German  veterans 
in  New  York,  speak  volumes  for  the  spirit  of  our 
grandsires  in  their  determined  contest  for  indepen- 
dence. 

THE  MASSACRE  OF  THE  STOCKBRIDGE  INDIANS. — 
During  the  summer  of  1778  the  British  light  troops, 
which  were  encamped  about  King's  Bridge,  had  fre- 
quent skirmishes  with  the  American  light  troops  on 
the  highways  and  by-roads  of  the  old  Yonkers. 

On  the  20th  of  August,  when  patrolling  out  the  old 
"Mile  Square  Road,"  Lieutenant-Colonel  Emmerick 
was  attacked  and  compelled  to  return  to  his  camp  at 
King's  Bridge.  A  few  days  later  a  small  body  of 
American  light  troops  and  Indians,  under  Colonel 
Gist,  which  had  taken  part  in  this  encounter,  was 
posted  in  several  detachments  on  the  heights  com- 
manding the  old  road,  one  body  on  each  side  of  the 
road,  just  north  of  its  crossing  over  a  small  stream  be- 
yond the  present  Woodlawn  Heights,  and  a  third 
about  three  hundred  yards  west  of  the  road,  on  Devoe's 

38 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


farm,  opposite  to  Woodlawn  Heights.  Between  the 
last  party  and  the  road  were  scattered  about  sixty 
Stockbridge  Indians,  under  their  chief,  Nimham,  who 
had  been  in  England.  Lieutenant-colonel  Simcoe,  of 
the  Queen's  Rangers,  learned,  through  his  spies,  that 
the  Indians  were  highly  elated  at  Emmerick's  retreat 
and  supposed  that  they  had  driven  the  whole  force  of 
light  troops  at  King's  Bridge.  He  took  measures  to 
increase  this  belief  and  meantime  planned  to  ambus- 
cade and  capture  their  whole  force.  His  idea  was,  as 
the  enemy  came  down  the  "Mile  Square  Eoad,"  to 
advance  past  his  flanks.  This  movement  would  be 
perfectly  concealed  by  the  fall  of  the  ground  to  the 
right  (i.e.,  down  the  slope  in  Woodlawn  Heights,  to- 
wards the  stream  at  Second  Street)  and  by  the  woods 
on  the  left  (i.e.,  Van  Cortlandt's  woods,  bordering  the 
road  and  "  Lover's  Lane,"  extending  north  from  the 
road  opposite  Fourth  Street). 

On  the  morning  of  August  31st  the  Queen's  Ran- 
gers, under  Simcoe,  the  chasseurs,  under  Eminerick 
and  De  Lancey's  Second  Battalion  and  the  Legion  Dra- 
goons, under  Lieutenant-colonel  Tarleton,  marched 
out  the  "  Mile  Square  Road,"  reaching  the  present 
Woodlawn  Heights  about  ten  o'clock.  The  rangers 
and  dragoons  were  posted  on  the  right  (east  of  Second 
Street  and  about  opposite  to  First  Avenue).  Emmer- 
ick's instructions  were  to  take  a  position  on  the  left, 
in  Van  Cortlandt's  woods,  near  Frederick  Devoe's 
house,  half  a  mile  up  the  lane.  By  mistake  he  took 
post  in  the  woods  near  Daniel  Devoe's  house,  which 
stood  on  the  "  Mile  Square  Road,"  near  the  entrance 
to  the  lane,  and  sent  a  patrol  forward  on  the  road. 
Before  Simcoe,  who  was  half-way  up  a  tree  reconnoit- 

39 


KINO'S   BRIDGE. 


ering,  could  stop  this  movement,  he  saw  a  flanking 
party  of  Americans  approach  and  heard  a  smart  firing 
by  the  Indians  who  had  lined  the  fences  alongside 
the  road  on  Emmerick's  left. 

The  rangers  under  Simcoe  moved  rapidly  up  the 
stream  to  gain  the  heights  (Husted's),  which  were 
occupied  by  the  Americans  under  Gist  and  Stewart, 
and  the  cavalry  under  Tarleton  advanced  directly 
up  the  hill  to  where  Emmerick  was  engaged  (between 
Third  and  Fourth  Avenues).  Being  unable  to  pass 
the  fences  bordering  the  road,  Tarleton  made  a  cir- 
cuit to  return  on  the  right  (coming  to  the  road  again 
about  Fifth  Avenue).  Simcoe,  hearing  of  Tarleton's 
difficulty,  left  the  remainder  of  his  corps  under  Major 
Ross,  and  breaking  from  the  rangers  with  the  grena- 
dier company,  arrived  unperceived  (about  opposite 
the  end  of  Sixth  Avenue)  close  upon  the  left  flank  of 
the  Indians,  who  were  intent  upon  the  attack  of  Em- 
merick and  Tarleton.  With  a  yell  the  Indians  fired 
on  the  grenadier  company,  wounding  Simcoe  and 
four  of  his  men  ;  but  being  outnumbered  and  flanked, 
the  Indians  were  driven  from  the  fences  into  the 
open  fields  of  Daniel  Devoe,  north  of  the  road.  Tar- 
leton and  Emmerick  then  got  among  them  with  the 
cavalry.  The  Indians  fought  most  gallantly,  pulling 
several  of  the  cavalry  from  their  horses ;  but  over- 
powered by  the  superior  force  of  the  enemy,  they  had 
to  flee.  They  were  swiftly  pursued  up  over  the  fields, 
across  the  lane,  down  through  Van  Cortlandt's  woods, 
over  Tippett's  Brook  into  the  woods  on  the  ridge  be- 
yond, where  a  few  survivors  found  concealment 
among  the  rocks  and  bushes,  and  thus  escaped. 
Nearly  forty  were  killed  or  desperately  wounded,  in- 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


eluding  the  old  chief  Nimham  and  his  son.  The 
former  called  out  to  his  people  to  fly,  "that  he  was 
old  and  would  die  there."  He  wounded  Simcoe  and 
was  killed  by  Wright,  his  orderly  hussar.  Tarleton 
had  a  narrow  escape  in  the  pursuit  down  the  ridge. 
In  striking  at  an  Indian  he  lost  his  balance  and  fell 
from  his  horse,  but  luckily  for  him  the  Indian  had 
no  bayonet  and  had  discharged  his  musket.  During 
the  pursuit  Simcoe  joined  the  battalion  of  rangers, 
seized  the  heights  (Husted:s)  and  captured  a  captain 
and  several  men  of  the  American  light  troops,  but 
the  main  body  escaped.  The  bodies  of  many  of  the 
Indian*  were  buried  in  a  small  clearing  in  Van  Cort- 
landt's  woods,  since  known  as  the  "  Indian  Field." 

In  July,  1781,  Washington  came  in  force  to  at- 
tempt a  surprise  of  the  British  posts  at  King's 
Bridge,  expressly  to  cut  off  De  Lancey's  and  other 
light  corps  ;  but  without  success.  Later  in  the  month, 
accompanied  by  De  Eochambeau,  he  moved  a  force  of 
five  thousand  men  down  to  the  heights  beyond  King's 
Bridge  and  recounoitered  the  northerly  part  of  Man- 
hattan island  from  Tippett's  and  Tetard's  Hills  and 
Fordham  Heights.  In  September  a  British  force  of 
five  thousand  men  moved  out  across  the  bridge  to 
Valentine's  Hill,  as  an  escort  to  the  young  Prince 
William  Henry.  After  the  bitterly  cold  winter  of 
1782-83  the  British  troops  were  withdrawn  from  the 
Yonkers  and  King's  Bridge.  The  inhabitants  began 
to  return  to  their  desolate  homes,  while  the  Loyalists 
crowded  into  the  city.  In  November,  Washington 
came  once  more  down  the  old  post  road,  spent  the 
night  of  the  12th  at  the  Van  Cortlandt  house,  and 
the  next  day,  amid  the  acclamations  of  the  people, 


KIM.'- 


rode  victorious  across  King's  Bridge,  over  which  he 
had  retreated  seven  years  before. 

POLITICAL  HISTORY. — The  area  under  considera- 
tion was  part  of  the  fief  of  Colen-donck  from  1652  to 
1664.  After  the  English  conquest  in  the  latter  year 
it  belonged  to  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire  until 
the  erection  of  Westchester  County  under  the  act  of 
October  1,  1691.  It  was  afterwards  known  as  the 
Yonkers  Precinct  (except  the  parts  included  in  the 
Manor  of  Phillipsburgh  after  the  erection  of  the 
latter,  in  1693).  By  the  act  of  June  19,  1703,  the 
towns,  manors,  etc.,  were  authorized  to  choose  super- 
visors, and  each  inhabitant  of  any  precinct,  being  a 
freeholder,  was  allowed  "to  join  his  vote  with  the 
next  adjacent  town."  The  freeholders  of  the  Yonkers 
probably  voted  for  a  supervisor  with  the  freeholders 
of  East  Chester.  They  chose  their  own  local  officers 
for  the  precinct,  of  whom  the  following  "  Collectors 
for  the  Yonkers  "  are  known  :  William  Jones,  1708- 
10;  John  Barrett,  1713-14;  John  Heading  [Had- 
den],  1715-16 ;  Mr.  George  Tippett,  1717 ;  Mr.  Joseph 
Taylor,  1718;  Matthias  Valentine,  1719;  Joseph 
Hadley,  1720;  Moses  Taylor,  1721-23;  William 
Jones,  1724  ;  Moses  Taylor,  1725 ;  Thomas  Sherwood, 
1726  ;  Moses  Taylor,  1727  ;  Thomas  Rich,  1728 ;  Ed- 
ward Smith,  1729-30;  Charles  Vincent,  1731-32; 
Jacob  Ryder,  1733-34  ;  Joseph  Taylor,  1736. 

By  the  act  of  November  1, 1722,  "to  increase  the  num- 
ber of  supervisors  for  Westchester  County,"  the  inhabit- 
ants of  each  precinct  having  not  less  than  twenty  inhab- 
itants were  allowed  to  choose  their  own  supervisor. 
The  Yonkers  was  no  doubt  represented  in  the  board 
by  its  own  member  thereafter ;  but  by  reason  of  the 

42 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


loss  of  the  records  of  the  precinct  and  of  the  board 
before  1772  their  names  are  not  known.  On  the  first 
Tuesday  in  April,  1756,  the  freeholders  and  inhabit- 
ants of  the  Yonkers  and  Mile  Square 1  held  a  public 
town-meeting  at  the  house  of  Edward  Stevenson,  in 
the  Yonkers,  and  chose  James  Gorton  (Coerten  ? ) 
supervisor  and  pounder :  Benjamin  Fowler,  town 
clerk ;  Thomas  Sherwood,  constable  and  collector ; 
David  Oakley  and  William  Warner,  assessors;  Ed- 
ward Weeks,  Wm.  Crawford,  Daniel  Devoe,  John 
Ryder,  Isaac  Odell  and  Hendrick  Post,  highway 
masters ;  Andrew  Nodine,  Charles  Warner,  Moses 
Tailer  and  Isaac  Odell,  fence  and  damage  viewers.2 

Commissioners  of  highways  in  1770 :  James  Van 
Cortlandt  and  Benjamin  Fowler. 

Supervisors  for  the  Yonkers :  Colonel  James  Van 
Cortlandt,  1772-76  ;  (none  during  the  British  occupa- 
tion); Israel  Honeywell,  1784;  William  Hadley, 
1786-87  ;  David  Hunt,  1787. 

Constables :  Jeremiah  Sherwood,  1773 ;  Henry 
Odell,  1775;  Thomas  Sherwood,  1784. 

By  act  of  March  7,  1788,  a  new  town  was  erected, 
containing  part  of  Phillipsburgh,  Mile  Square  and 
the  old  precinct  of  Yonkers,  under  the  name  of 
Yonkers.  In  November,  1872,  the  supervisors  of 

1  It  is  probable  that  the  Yonkers  and  Mile  Square  constituted  one  pre- 
cinct under  the  name  of  the  former.  The  Manor  of  Phillipsburgh  sur- 
rounded Mile  Square  on  three  sides,  and  also  separated  it  from  the  Yon- 
kers. The  inhabitants  of  the  manor  dwelling  upon  the  old  Mile  Square 
road,  between  Yonkers  and  Mile  Square,  were  sometimes  described  as 
"of  the  Yonkers  in  Phillipsburgh." 

2Bolton's  "  Westchester  County."  The  author  must  have  seen  the 
town-book  (now,  unfortunately,  lost),  and  extracted  therefrom  the  ac- 
count of  the  meeting  of  1756. 

43 


KING'S   BRIDOE. 


Westchester  County  erected  a  township  consisting  of 
all  of  the  town  of  Yonkers  lying  south  of  the  south- 
erly line  of  the  city  of  Yonkers,  to  be  called  King's 
Bridge.  Its  first  and  only  annual  meeting  was  held 
at  Temperance  Hall,  Mosholu,  March  25,  1873.  On 
the  1st  of  January,  1874,  King's  Bridge  was  annexed 
to  the  city  of  New  York  and  now  forms  part  of  the 
Twenty-fourth  Ward. 

CHURCH  HISTORY. — Before  1700  the  inhabitants 
had  no  place  of  public  worship  nearer  than  East 
Chester.  In  1707  they  assembled  "sometimes  in  the 
house  of  Joseph  Betts,  deceased,  and  sometimes  in  a 
barn  when  empty."  About  1724  they  had  preaching 
three  times  a  year  by  the  rector  from  East  Chester, 
and  they  "  began  to  be  in  a  disposition  to  build  a 
church."  None  was  erected,  however,  for  more  than 
a  century.  Those  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  creed  at- 
tended services  at  the  church  of  Fordham  Manor, 
erected  in  1706.  It  stood  on  the  northerly  side  of  the 
road  to  Fordham  Landing,  where  Moses  Devoe's  gate- 
way now  is.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  English 
Church  at  the  Lower  Mills  those  of  that  faith  in 
the  Yonkers  attended  there.  After  the  Revolution 
Augustus  Van  Cortlandt  and  John  Warner  were  of 
the  first  trustees  of  the  new  "Yonkers  Episcopal 
Society,"  formed  in  1787,  and  members  of  the  first 
vestry  of  "  St.  John's  Church  in  the  town  of  Yonkers," 
on  its  incorporation,  in  1795.  Isaac  Vermilye,  Wil- 
liam Hadley,  William  Warner  and  "Cobus"Dyck- 
man  were  trustees  of  "  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  at 
the  Lower  Mills  in  the  Manor  of  Phillipsburgh,"  in- 
corporated in  1784. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  BETHEL  (Mosh- 

44 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


olu). — This  was  the  first  religious  society  to  erect  a 
house  of  worship  in  the  limits  of  King's  Bridge.  So 
early  as  1826  a  charge  existed,  having  thirty-six 
white  members  and  one  colored,  under  Samuel  W. 
Fisher,  preacher.  Meetings  were  held  in  an  old 
school-house  which  stood  near  Warner's  store,  Mosh- 
olu.  In  1828  E.  Hebard  had  the  charge.  He  re- 
mained during  1828  and  organized  a  class.  The  suc- 
ceeding preachers  were  E.  Seaman,  1829-30;  E. 
Hebard,  1831-32;  E.  Smith,  1833-34;  Thomas  Evans, 
1835.  On  the  10th  of  February,  1835,  Caleb  Van 
Tassell,  James  Cole,  Jacob  Varian,  Abraham  Wood 
and  John  C.  Lawrence  were  chosen  trustees  to  build 
a  church  and  February  14th  Caleb  Van  Tassell  and 
Jacob  H.  Varian  made  and  filed  a  certificate  of  incor- 
poration as  "  Trustees  of  Methodist  Church  Bethel " 
in  the  town  of  Yonkers.  A-  frame  building  was 
erected  on  the  westerly  side  of  the  Albany  post  road 
and  is  yet  standing,  though  disused  for  several  years. 
Its  pastors  have  been  E.  Oldrin,  I.  D.  Bangs  and 
Thomas  Barch  (superannuated),  1836-37;  John 
Davies,  Salmon  C.  Perry  and  Barch,  1838;  Henry 
Hatfield,  Perry  and  Barch,  1839 ;  Barch  and  Daniel 
I.  Wright,  1840 ;  Daniel  I.  Wright  and  Humphrey 
Humphreys,  1841 ;  John  A.  Silleck  and  Humphreys, 
1842;  Silleck  and  Fred'k  W.  Seger,  1843;  John  C. 
Green  and  Mr.  Barch,  1844-45 ;  Charles  C.  Keyes, 
1846-47;  S.  C.  Perry,  1848^9;  Paul  E.  Brown, 
1850-51  ;  Philip  L.  Hoyt,  1852 ;  Eichard  Wheatly. 
1853-54;  Noble  Lovett  and  Thos.  Bainbridge,  1855; 
O.  E.  Brown  and  Bainbridge,  1856;  A.  B.  Davis, 
1857-58;  E.  H.  Kelly,  1859-60;  Wm.  F.  Browning 
and  A.  B.  Brown,  1861;  J.  G.  Shrive,  1862-63; 

45 


KINti'H    BRIDGE. 


W.  H.  Smith,  1864;  W.  H.  Smith,  1865;  A.  O»- 
trander,  1866-67;  A.  C.  Gallahue,  1868;  W.  M. 
Henry,  1869 ;  A.  Ostrander,  1870;  Wm.  Plested,  1871 ; 
W.  Tarleton,  1872;  H.  Croft,  1873;  and  Cyrus  Nixon, 
1874-75.  Since  that  date  the  congregation  has 
worshipped  at  King's  Bridge. 

CHURCH  OF  THE  MEDIATOR  (King's  Bridge). — 
Formed  at  meeting  held  August  15,  1855,  pursuant  to 
notice  given  by  the  rector  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Yonkers,  who  presided.  Certificate  recorded  Novem- 
ber 17,  1856.  Name  adopted  "  The  Church  of  the 
Mediator,  Yonkers."  Abraham  Valentine  and  James 
R.  Whiting  were  elected  wardens,  and  Thomas  J.  De 
Lancey,  William  O.  Giles,  John  C.  Sidney,  Russell 
Smith,  Joseph  H.  Godwin,  T.  Bailey  Myers,  Daniel 
Valentine  and  David  B.  Cox,  vestrymen.  Certificate 
executed  by  Eev.  A.  B.  Carter,  A.  Van  Cortlandt  and 
William  O.  Giles.  The  church,  a  frame  structure,  was 
erected  on  land  presented  by  James  R.  Whiting  at  a 
cost  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  the  rectory  on  ad- 
joining land  soon  afterwards.  The  church  was  con- 
secrated by  Bishop  Horatio  Potter  November  6,  1864. 
The  officiating  clergyman  in  1857  was  Rev.  T. 
James  Brown,  of  the  island  of  Jamaica.  The  rectors 
have  been  Rev.  Cornelius  W.  Bolton,  June,  1858,  to 
May,  1859J  Rev.  Leigh  Richmond  Dickinson,  June, 
1859.  to  June,  1866 ;  and  Rev.  William  T.  Wilson, 
since  October,  1866. 

RIVERDALE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. — Formed  at 
a  meeting  held  Wednesday,  24th  June,  1863,  Isaac  G. 
Johnson  and  Edwin  P.  Gibson  presiding.  The  first 
trustees  chosen  were  Samuel  N.  Dodge,  Robert 
Colgate,  J.  Joseph  Eagleton,  John  Mott,  James 

46 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


Scrymser,  Isaac  G.  Johnson,  William  E.  Dodge,  Jr., 
Warren  B.  Sage  and  David  B.  Kellogg.  Certificate 
of  incorporation  recorded  July  14,  1863.  The  church 
building,  of  stone,  was  completed  and  dedicated  Octo- 
ber 11,  1863.  Cost,  about  five  thousand  dollars.  The 
stone  parsonage  adjoining  was  built  soon  after.  The 
original  membership  was  fifteen  and  the  first  elders 
were  John  Mott  and  Warren  B.  Sage.  The  pastors 
have  been  :  George  M.  Boynton,  October  28,  1863,  to 
June,  1867 ;  Henry  H.  Stebbins,  August  25,  1867,  to 
December  28,  1873,  Charles  H.  Burr,  March  5, 1874  to 
July  28,  1878  ;  William  E.  Lord,  April  30,  1879,  to 
November  20,  1881 ;  Ira  S.  Dodd,  April  15, 1883,  the 
present  pastor.  Entire  membership,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five. 

CHRIST  CHURCH  (Riverdale). — Formed  at  a  meet- 
ing held  September  10,  1866  ;  Rev.  E.  M.  Peck,  chair- 
man. Henry  L.  Stone  and  Newton  Carpenter  were 
elected  wardens,  and  Samuel  D.  Babcock,  George  W. 
Knowlton,  Thompson  N.  Hollister,  Frederick  Good- 
ridge,  Martin  Bates,  William  W.  Thompson,  William 
H.  Appleton  and  Henry  F.  Spaulding,  vestrymen. 
Certificate  by  E.  M.  Peck,  Percy  R.  Pyne  and  Charles 
H.  P.  Babcock,  recorded  September  15,  1866.  Cor- 
porate name,  "The  Rector,  Church  Wardens  and  Ves- 
trymen of  Christ  Church,  Riverdale."  The  corner- 
stone of  the  church  was  laid  in  1865.  It  is  built  of 
granitic  gneiss  and  is  cruciform.  Rev.  E.  M.  Peck 
acted  as  rector  until  the  Rev.  George  D.  Wildes,  D.D., 
present  rector,  assumed  charge,  in  1868.  The  rectory 
adjoining  the  church  is  a  frame  building.  There  are 
some  beautiful  memorial  windows  in  the  church, 
notably  one  recently  inserted  by  Percy  R.  Pyne  at  a 

47 


KINO'S   BRIDGE. 


cost  of  twenty-five  thousand  francs.  It  is  a  master- 
piece of  the  French  school  by  E.  S.  Oudinot  and  L. 
O.  Merson,  of  Paris,  representing  the  supper  at 
Emmaus. 

EDGE  HILL  CHAPEL  (Spuyten  Duyvil). — Erected 
in  1869,  on  land  leased  by  Isaac  G.  Johnson  at  a  nomi- 
nal rent.  Services  are  conducted  every  Sunday  even- 
ing by  the  pastor  of  Riverdale  Presbyterian  Church. 

WOODLAWN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
(Woodlawn  Heights). — Organized  in  1875.  Building 
erected  on  lots  donated  by  E.  K.  Willard  ;  completed 
and  dedicated  April,  1876,  by  Bishop  Janes.  Pas- 
tors: D.  W.  C.  Van  Gaasbeek,  1875-76;  Aaron  Coons, 
1876-79;  Gustave  Laws,  1880-81;  J.  O.  Kern,  1881, 
present  incumbent.  Membership,  thirty-nine. 

ST.  STEPHEN'S  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
(King's  Bridge). — Organized  by  trustees  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  Bethel  (Mosholu)  in  1875. 
Church  completed  and  dedicated  May  14,  1876.  Pas- 
tors :  D.  W.  C.  Van  Gaasbeek.  1875-76  ;  Aaron  Coons, 
1876-79;  David  Tasker,  1879-80;  S.  Lowther,  1880-82; 
R.  H.  Kelly,  1882-83 ;  Isaac  H.  Lent,  present  incum- 
bent. Membership,  forty-seven. 

ST.  JOHN'S  CHURCH  (King's  Bridge). — Built  under 
the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Brann,  D.D.,  and 
dedicated  December  3,  1 880,  by  Cardinal  McCloskey. 
Since  its  erection  Dr.  Brann  has  been  aided  in  attend- 
ing to  the  congregation  by  the  Revs.  Fr.  Micena,  Dr. 
Shrader,  D.  McCormick  and  William  Fry,  and  the 
present  assistant  is  Rev.  Father  O'Neill.  Attached 
to  the  church  are  the  St.  John's  Benevolent  Society 
and  St.  Patrick's  Temperance  Society.  The  congre- 
gation numbers  about  five  hundred  souls  and  is  con- 

48 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


nected  with  St.  Elizabeth's  Church,  Fort  Washington, 
where  Dr.  Brann  resides. 

VILLAGES. 

KING'S  BRIDGE. — The  village  of  this  name  sprang 
up  about  thirty-five  years  ago,  upon  the  ancient 
"  island  or  hummock  "  of  Paparinamin,  from  which 
it  has  since  overspread  the  site  of  the  old  village  of 
Fordham  and  the  hillside  beyond.  Paparinamin  was 
given,  in  1668,  by  Elias  Doughty  to  George  Tippett. 
After  his  death,  in  1675,  Archer  laid  claim  to  it ;  but, 
exacting  as  a  recognition  of  his  manorial  rights  the 
annual  payment  of  a  "  ffat  capon  "  every  New  Year's 
day,  he  released  the  tract  to  Secretary  Matthias  Nicoll. 
Two  years  later  Tippett's  widow,  then  wife  of  Lewis 
Vitrey,  reconveyed  the  island  to  Doughty,  who,  in 
turn,  transferred  it  to  the  secretary.  Thus  the  title  to 
this  tract  vested  in  the  colonial  government,  which 
had  already  assigned  its  use  fo  Ferryman  Verveelen. 
In  1693  it  was  included  in  the  grant  of  the  Manor  of 
Phillipsburgh,  of  which  it  remained  a  part  until  for- 
feited by  the  attainder  of  Colonel  Phillipse,  in  1779. 
It  was  sold  by  the  Commissioners  of  Forfeiture  (deed 
July  30,  1785)  to  Joseph  Crook,  inn-keeper,  Daniel 
Barkins  and  Abraham  Lent,  Jr.,  of  Dutchess  Couqty, 
in  joint  tenancy.  Medcef  Eden,  brewer,  John  Ram- 
sey and  Alexander  von  Pfister,  merchants,  subse- 
quently owned  it  in  whole  or  part;  also,  Daniel  Hal- 
sey,  inn-keeper,  who  kept  the  old  tavern  upon  it  be- 
tween 1789  and  1793.  It  was  purchased,  1797-99,  from 
Von  Pfister  and  Joseph  Eden  by  Alexander  Macomb, 
a  wealthy  merchant  of  New  York.1 

*Who  purchased  from  the   State   in  1791  more  than  three  million 
49 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


During  the  next  five  year3  Macomb  purchased  from 
Isaac  Vermilye,  John  De  Lancey,  Isaac,  John  and 
Matthias  Valentine,  Andrew  Corsa  and  Augustus  Van 
Cortlandt  adjoining  parcels,  mostly  salt  meadow,  mak- 
ing up  nearly  one  hundred  acres,  bounded  north  by 
Van  Cortlandt,  east  by  the  Albany  road,  south  by  the 
Harlem  and  Spuyten  Duyvil,  and  west  by  Tippett's 
Brook.  Having  obtained  from  the  mayor,  etc.,  of 
New  York,  in  December,  1800,  a  water  grant  extend- 
ing across  the  creek,  just  east  of  the  King's  Bridge 
(which  reserved,  however,  a  passage-way  fifteen  feet 
wide  for  small  boats  and  craft),  Macomb  erected  a 
four-story  frame  grist-mill  extending  out  over  the 
creek.  Its  power  was  supplied  by  the  alternate  ebb 
and  flow  of  the  tide  against  its  under-shot  wheel. 
Macomb's  extensive  real  estate  ventures  proving  dis- 
astrous, Paparinamin  and  the  mill  were  sold  under 
foreclosure  in  1810,  and  purchased  by  his  son  Robert. 
By  an  act  of  1813  the  latter  was  authorized  to  con- 
struct a  dam  across  the  Harlem  from  Bussing's  to 
Devoe's  Point,  and  to  use  the  water  for  milling  pur- 
poses, and  erected  at  much  expense  the  causeway 
and  bridge  known  as  "  Macomb's  Dam."  Its  gates  ad- 
mitted the  flood  tide  from  the  East  Eiver,  but  ob- 
structed its  ebb,  thus  converting  the  Upper  Harlem 
into  a  mill-pond,  having  its  outlets  underneath  the 
old  mill  and  through  a  raceway  made  on  the  West- 
chester  side  into  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek  at  low  tide. 
The  race  supplied  power  to  a  marble-sawing  mill 
which  stood  on  a  quay  between  it  and  the  creek,  and 


five  hundred  thousand  acres  in  Northern  New  York,  at  8d.  per  acre.  The 
Adirondack  Mountains  were  long  known  as  •'  Macomb's  Mountains." 
51 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


of  which  Perkins  Nicolls  was  proprietor.  Robert 
Macomb  becoming  involved,  the  property  was  sold  by 
the  sheriff  in  1818.  Ten  years  later  it  was  possessed 
by  the  "New  York  Hydraulic  Manufacturing  and 
Bridge  Company,"  by  which  an  elaborate  plan  was 
put  forth  for  mill-seats  and  a  manufacturing  village, 
based  on  a  report  of  Professor  James  Renwick,  of 
Columbia  College,  approved  by  Colonel  Totten  and 
General  Macomb,  chief  engineers  United  States  army. 
The  enterprise  proved  abortive.1  The  old  grist- 
mill2 stood  idle  during  many  years,  and  at  length 
was  made  useless  by  the  removal  of  Macomb's 
Dam.  In  1830  Mary  C.  P.  Macomb,  the  wife  of 
Robert,  acquired  the  Paparinamin  tract,  and  during 
many  years  made  the  old  stone  tavern  her  home,  ex- 
ercising therein  a  generous  hospitality,  of  which 
Edgar  Allen  Poe  was  a  frequent  recipient.  In  1847 
Mrs.  Macomb  laid  out  the  estate  into  streets  and  plots, 
which  she  afterwards  disposed  of.  Several  houses 
were  erected,  stores  and  shops  were  opened,  a  church 
built  and  a  centre  of  population  established,  which 
has  grown  to  several  hundreds.  There  are  now  three 
churches,  a  grammar  school,  police  station,  numerous 
stores,  shops,  saloons  and  dwellings.  Among  the 


1  It  was  proposed,  in  an  elaborate  prospectus,  to  dam  the  Yonkers  Riv- 
er (Tippett's  Brook)  near  its  mouth,  and  have  gates  opening  down-stream 
only.  The  bed  of  the  stream  and  the  salt  meadows  through  which  it 
flowed  were  to  form  a  reservoir  for  tail-water,  which  would  empty  itself 
into  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek  at  low  tide.  Fourteen  mill-seats,  each  fifty 
by  one  hundred  feet,  bordered  the  race-ways,  and  an  aggregate  of  at 
least  two  hundred  and  thirty-four  horse-power  was  assured  for  mills. 

*  It  fell  down  about  1856. 

52 


KINGS   BRIDGE. 


well-known  residents  are  Joseph  H.  Godwin,1  William 
G.  Ackerman,  William  O.  Giles,  George  Moller,  Wil- 
liam A.  Varian,  M.D.,  Benjamin  T.  Sealey,  William 
H.  Geer,  John  Parsons,  M.D.,  Rev.  William  T.  Wil- 
son and  others. 

SPUYTEN  DUYVIL. — A  village  (and  until  recently  a 
post  office)  located  on  the  southerly  end  of  Spuyten 
Duyvil  Neck.  The  land  was  owned  by  George  Tip- 
pett,  who  died  in  1761.  He  devised  it  in  several 
parcels  to  his  children  and  grandchildren.  Soon  af- 
ter the  Revolution  it  belonged  to  Samuel  Berrien, 
who  had  married  Dorcas  Tippett,  daughter  of  George.2 
He  sold  to  Abraham  Berrien,  a  nephew,  in  whose 
family  it  continued  until  about  1850.  In  1852  the 
tract  was  in  three  farms,  which  were  purchased  that 
year  and  next  by  Elias  Johnson,  David  ,B.  Cox  and 
Joseph  W.  Fuller,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  They  had  surveys 
and  plans  made  for  a  village  to  be  called  Fort  Inde- 
pendence,3 but  which  was  changed  to  Spuyten  Duyvil. 
Streets  were  opened  and  several  houses  erected  on  the 
hill,  and  a  foundry  was  established  at  its  base.  The 
latter  was  afterwards  bought  and  extended  into  a 
rolling-mill  by  Jervis  Langdon,  who  was  succeeded 
by  the  Langdon  Rolling-Mill  Company.  The  Spuy- 

1  Mr.  Godwin's  residence  is  the  old  Macomb  mansion,  now  altered  and 
enlarged. 

*  A  grandson  of  the  first  proprietor  of  the  name.  His  wife  was  Dor- 
cas   .  He  had  sons :  George,  William,  James  and  Thomas  (all  of  whom 

married  and  had  issue),  and  daughters :  Jane,  wife  of  Charles  Warner ; 
Phebe,  wife  of  George  Hadley;  and  Dorcas,  wife  of  Samuel  Berrien.  The 
Rev.  William  Berrien,  rector  of  Trinity  Parish,  New  York,  and  its  histo- 
rian, was  a  grandson  of  the  latter. 

3  After  the  Revolutionary  fort,  erroneously  supposed  to  have  occupied 
this  hill. 

53 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


ten  Duyvil  Rolling-Mill  Company,  organized  in  1867, 
next  owned  this  property.  A  malleable  iron  foundry 
was  established  on  adjoining  premises  by  Isaac  G. 
Johnson  and  now  employs  several  hundred  hands. 
There  are  about  thirty  private  dwellings  on  the  ele- 
vated ground,  including  the  residences  of  Mrs.  D.  B. 
Cox,  Thomas  H.  Edsall,  George  C.  Holt,  Isaac  G. 
Johnson,1  Elias  Johnson,  Gilbert  Johnson,  Henry  R. 
Lounsbery,  David  M.  Morrison,  George  H.  Petrie, 
Albert  E.  Putnam,  Joseph  R.  Sergeant,  Mrs.  Peter 
O.  Strang,  Warren  B.  Sage,  Henry  M.  Smith  and 
others. 

Immediately  northward  is  a  tract  of  three  hundred 
and  fifty -six  acres,  also  known  as  Spuyten  Duyvil. 
Frederick  Van  Cortlandt  purchased  it  in  several  par- 
cels between.  1768  and  1788,  and  built  his  house  on  a 
commanding  spot  on  the  easterly  side,  approached  by 
a  private  road  leading  up  from  the  post  road  at  Mo- 
sholu.  He  devised  this  property  to  his  brother  Au- 
gustus, by  whose  will  it  passed  to  a  grandson,  Augus- 
tus F.  Morris,  who  assumed  the  name  of  Van  Cort- 
landt. From  him  James  R.  Whiting  bought  the 
tract  in  1836  and  about  1840  erected  a  large  stone 
mansion  on  the  western  side,  overlooking  the  Hudson. 
Samuel  Thomson,  William  C.  Wetmore  and  Daniel 
Ewing  became  interested  in  Whiting's  purchase  in 
1841,  and  they  subsequently  divided  it  into  parcels 
stretching  from  the  Hudson  across  the  neck  to  Tip- 
pett's  Brook.  Thomson  took  the  northerly  parcel,  on 
which  stood  a  large  stone  house  erected  about  1822 


i  Mr.  Johnson  resides  in  the  old  Berrien  bouse,  -which  he  has  enlarged 
and  improved. 

54 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


on  the  site  of  the  "  Upper  Cortlandts',"  destroyed  in 
that  year  by  fire.  Surrounded  by  well  laid  out  and 
highly-improved  grounds,  it  is  now  the  residence  of 
Waldo  Hutchins.  Near  by  is  Hiram  Barney's  beau- 
tiful country-seat,  "Cedar  Knolls."  The  Whiting 
mansion  is  occupied  by  James  R.  Whiting,  Jr.  Ad- 
joining is  the  house  of  James  A.  Hayden.  The  late 
General  John  Ewen's  country-seat  on  this  tract  is 
now  occupied  by  his  widow. 

HUDSON  PARK  was  laid  out  in  1853,  on  the  westerly 
part  of  Samuel  Thomson's  tract.  A  single  house  on 
the  river-side  was  the  only  one  erected  for  many 
years.  There  is  now  a  cluster  of  small  dwellings 
known  as  "  Cooperstown,"  on  this  tract. 

North  of  Hudson  Park,  and  extending  across  from 
the  Hudson  to  the  Albany  road,  was  the  old  Hadley 
farm  of  two  hundred  and  fifty -seven  acres,  of  which 
William  Hadley  died  seized  in  1802.  He  purchased 
the  southerly  part,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
extending  up  to  the  line  of  the  Manor  of  Phillips- 
burgh,  from  James  Van  Cortlandt,  in  1761,  and  the 
remainder  from  the  Commissioners  of  Forfeiture,  May 
18,  1786.  He  lived  in  the  old  stone  house  yet  stand- 
ing on  this  tract,  just  west  of  the  post  road.  Joseph 
Delafield  purchased  the  farm  from  Hadley's  execu- 
tors in  1829,  and  it  is  now  owned  by  Delafield's 
children  and  grandchildren.  The  residence  of  Maturin 
L.  Delafield  is  on  the  west  side  of  Eiverdale  Avenue. 
The  house  of  the  late  Lewis  L.  Delafield  stands  on 
the  brow  of  the  hill  overlooking  the  Hudson.  Mr. 
William  E.  Dodge's  country-seat  is  on  this  tract.  On 
the  west  side  of  Riverdale  Avenue  is  a  new  fire-engine 
house,  the  first  erected  in  the  old  Yonkers.  Its  tower 

55 


KIN','-    BRIDGE. 


contains  a  melodious  old  Spanish  bell,  cast  in  1762  by 
Llonart. 

RIVERDALE. — A  village  (and  until  recently  a  post- 
office)  situated  on  part  of  Phillipsburgh  Manor,  which 
was  sold  by  the  Commissioners  of  Forfeiture  to  George 
Hadley,  December  6,  1785.  In  1843  William  G.  Ack- 
erman  acquired  about  one  hundred  acres  of  this  tract, 
part  of  which  was  purchased  in  1853  by  W.  W.  Wood- 
worth,  H.  L.  Atherton,  Samuel  D.  Babcock  and  C.  W. 
Foster,  and  laid  out  as  the  village  of  Riverdale.  In 
1856  Henry  F.  Spaulding  and  others  laid  out  the  land 
adjoining  on  the  south  as  "  The  Park,  Riverdale."  On 
these  lands  have  since  been  erected  a  number  of  beau- 
tiful country-houses,  including  those  of  William  H. 
Appleton,  Samuel  D.  Babcock,  Martin  Bates,  George 
H.  Bend,  Robert  Colgate,  William  S.  Duke,  R.  L. 
Franklin,  George  H.  Forster,  Frederick  Goodridge, 
Laura  Harriman,  D.  Willis  James,  Percy  R.  Pyne, 
Moses  Taylor  Pyne,  Henry  F.  Spaulding,  H.  L.  Stone 
and  others.  There  are  two  churches  and  a  school- 
house,  but  no  places  of  business  in  Riverdale. l 

MT.  ST.  VINCENT  AND  THE  SISTERS  OF  CHARITY. 
— In  the  northwest  corner  of  what  was  formerly  the 
town  of  King's  Bridge,  lying  along  the  Hudson  River, 
and  partly  jutting  over  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
city  of  New  York  into  the  adjoining  city  of  Yonkers, 
is  Mount  St.  Vincent — the  property  of  the  Sisters  of 
Charity — a  picturesque  tract  of  more  than  fifty  acres 
of  land,  together  with  the  convent  and  other  build- 

1  Between  Riverdale  and  Mount  St.  Vincent  is  a  part  of  the  old  John 
Warner  farm,  formerly  owned  by  A.  Schermerhorn,  and  another  part 
owned  by  J.  E.  Bettner,  E.  F.  Brown  and  others.  Some  fine  stone 
routitry -bouses  have  recently  been  erected  on  these  tracts. 

5f. 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


ings  which  make  the  mother  house  of  the  Sisters  in 
the  Archdiocese  of  New  York.  The  institution  was 
founded  here  in  1856.  when  this  site  was  still  in 
Westchester  County.  Nearly  a  thousand  Sisters,  in 
more  than  a  hundred  subordinate  houses,  including 
asylums,  hospitals,  the  Girls'  Protectory  in  West- 
Chester,  the  retreat  for  the  insane  at  Harrison,  in- 
dustrial schools,  academies  and  parish  schools,  are 
gove'rned  from  Mt.  St.  Vincent.  The  many  parish  and 
other  schools,  under  the  Sisters  of  Charity  from  this 
house,  and  situated  in  Westchester  County  and  in 
and  near  New  York,  include  about  thirty-five  thou- 
sand pupils,  besides  the  hundreds  of  sick  and  infirm 
in  their  different  asylums  and  hospitals. 

The  Sisters  of  Charity  are  a  benevolent  corpora- 
tion of  women  only,  formed  under  the  general  laws  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  and  governed  by  their  own 
trustees  elected  from  among  themselves,  and  are 
largely  independent.  The  Mother  Superior  is  the 
president  of  the  corporation.  Mother  Angela  Hughes, 
the  youngest  sister  of  Archbishop  Hughes,  was 
superior  of  the  order  when  the  Sisters,  in  December, 
1856,  bought  this  property  of  Edwin  Forrest,  with 
the  farm  buildings  and  the  castle  upon  it,  as  he  had 
built  them  for  his  own  residence.1  The  following  year 
Mother  Angela  commenced  the  new  building,  which 
now  forms  the  central  part  of  the  present  convent, 
overlooking  the  Hudson,  between  two  and  three 
hundred  yards  distant.  This  first  building,  with  a 

1  The  Forrest  property  was  part  of  the  large  farm  that  Captain  John 
Warner,  of  the  Kerolutionary  army,  bought  at  the  sale  of  the  confiscated 
estate  of  Colonel  Frederick  Phillipse. — Deed  of  Commitiionen  of  For- 
feiture, Dec.  6,  1785. 

57 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


front  of  two  hundred  and  seventy  feet,  has  by  later 
additions  been  enlarged  to  more  than  five  hundred 
feet  of  frontage,  making  a  handsome  brick  structure, 
three  stones  in  height,  with  high  basement  and  attic 
and  a  lofty  spire. 

Mother  Angela's  term  of  office  expired  in  1862 
since  which  date  Mother  Jerome  and  Mother  Regina 
have  successively  ruled  the  order.  Mother  Angela 
died  in  1866,  Mother  Regina  in  1879  and  Mother 
Jerome  in  1885,  since  which  date  Sister  M.  Ambrosia, 
who,  twenty-five  years  before,  had  been  in  charge  ot 
the  girls'  parish  school  in  Yonkers,  then  treasurer  at 
Mt.  St.  Vincent,  and  subseqently  the  head  of  the 
Girls'  Protectory  at  Westch ester,  and  later  assistant- 
mother  at  Mt.  St.  Vincent,  has  been  the  Mother 
Superior  there. 

The  south  half  of  the  convent  building  contains  the 
Academy  of  Mt.  St.  Vincent,  a  girls'  school  of  the 
highest  class,  numbering  between  two  and  three 
hundred  pupils,  with  the  philosophical  apparatus  and 
the  appointments  of  a  college.  The  pupils  are 
divided  into  many  classes,  each  class  under  the  imme- 
diate charge  of  a  Sister  specially  selected  for  her 
natural  endowments  and  careful  training.  Sister 
Maria  (Mary  C.  Dodge)1  has  long  been  the  directress 
of  the  academy,  subordinate  to  the  Mother  Superior. 
The  academic  course  runs  through  four  years,  pre- 
ceded by  a  preparatory  school  for  those  who  need  it, 
and  followed  by  a  post-graduate  course. 

The  north  half  of  the  convent  is  the  mother  house 
of  the  Sisters,  the  residence  of  the  Mother  Superior 

1  Authoress  of  an  interesting  history  of  the  institution. 
68 


KIXG  S   BRIDGE. 


and  her  assistants,  with  the  Sisters  of  the  academy,  as 
well  as  those  at  home  from  the  outside  missions  for 
needed  rest  or  in  broken  health,  so  that  there  are  usu- 
ally a  hundred  Sisters  or  more  in  the  house.  At  the 
extreme  north  end  is  now  the  spacious  novitiate,  built 
in  1885.  The  institution  has  a  hundred  novices  in  a 
two  years'  course  of  training  and  probation  under 
the  Mother  of  Novices,  and  there  are  usually  a 
dozen  or  twenty  candidates  for  the  novitiate  awaiting 
admission  through  three  months  or  more  of  proba- 
tion. 

The  convent  chapel,  as  large  as  a  parish  church, 
is  in  an  extension  to  the  east,  nearly  in  the  middle 
of  the  convent,  between  the  Sisters'  department 
and  that  of  the  pupils.  The  convent  has  a  large 
number  of  fine  paintings  and  works  of  art,  and 
everything  about  the  building  is  admirable  for  its 
neatness  and  good  order,  and  the  extensive  grounds 
are  always  well  kept.  The  carriage  drive  from 
the  convent  to  the  eastern  entrance  at  Riverdale 
Avenue  is  about  half  a  mile  in  length,  and  to- 
wards the  west,  on  the  Hudson,  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
from  the  convent  door,  is  the  Mt.  St.  Vincent  Station 
of  the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Rail- 
road, on  the  Sisters'  own  grounds.  The  institution  is 
supplied  with  gas  and  with  water  from  the  Yonkers 
works,  and  is  under  the  protection  of  the  New  York 
City  police.  The  picturesque  stone  castle  of  Edwin 
Forrest  still  stands  between  the  convent  and  the 
railroad  station,  and  a  part  is  made  the  dwelling  of  the 
chaplain  of  the  institution.  The  larger  rooms  on  the 
first  floor  are  occupied  by  the  museum  of  natural 
history,  the  collection  of  minerals  being  unusually 

59 


KING'S  BRIDGE. 


large  and  good,1  and  there  is  also  a  fine  cabinet  of 
coins  and  medals.1 

On  their  own  ground,  on  a  side-street  near  River- 
dale  Avenue,  the  Sisters,  in  1875,  built,  at  a  cost  of 
over  twenty  thousand  dollars,  "St  Vincent's  Free 
School,"  a  brick  building  sixty  by  ninety  feet,  where 
they  continue  to  teach,  at  their  own  cost,  a  free 
primary  school  now  numbering  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  boys  and  girls  of  the  vicinity. 

The  residences  of  Edmund  D.  Randolph  and  Mr. 
B.  Cuthbert  adjoin  this  property  on  the  south. 

MosHOLU3  is  an  old  hamlet  and  post-office  skirting 
the  Albany  post  road,  known  early  in  the  century  as 
"  Warner's,"  where  many  years  ago  there  were  a 
church  (Methodist),  school-house,  store,  blacksmith 
and  wagon-shop  and  a  cluster  of  dwellings. 

WOODLAWN  HEIGHTS. — A  village  (and  until  re- 
cently a  post-office)  on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  laid  out 
in  1873  by  George  Opdyke  and  others  on  a  part  of  the 
old  Gilbert  Valentine  farm,  in  the  Yonkers.  E.  K. 
Willard  extended  the  village  northward  the  same 
year  to  the  Mile  Square  road  on  land  formerly  part  of 
Phillipse  Manor.  A  church  and  a  number  of  small 
dwelling-houses  have  been  erected  on  these  plots. 

VAN  CORTLANDT'S  is  a  station  on  the  New  York 
City  and  Northern  Railroad,  located  near  the  old 
Van  Cortlandt  pond  and  mills.  Near  by  are  the  ice- 
houses and  residence  of  George  R.  Tremper.  The 
historic  old  mansion  (1748),  now  the  residence  of 
Augustus  Van  Cortlandt,  stands  a  few  hundred  yards 

>  Presented  by  Dr.  E.  8.  K.  Arnold,  of  New  York. 
2  Forrest  purchased  thin  estate  in  1847,  and  called  it  "  Font  Hill." 
•So  called  after  the  Indian  name  of  Tippett'a  Brook. 
60 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


northward,  upon  Van  der  Donck's  ancient  planting- 
field.  Opposite  to  the  car-houses,  beyond  the  station 
is  an  ancient  burial-place,  probably  that  of  the  Betts 
and  Tippett  families  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

OLAFF  PARK  is  a  name  given  to  about  one  hundred 
acres  of  the  Van  Cortland's  estate,  purchased  and 
laid  out  in  1869  by  W.  N.  Woodworth,  and  so  called 
after  the  name  of  the  ancestor  of  the  Van  Cortlandts 
in  America.  No  improvements  have  been  made  on 
this  tract  except  to  open  streets  and  avenues. 

WOODLAWN  CEMETERY. — This  beautiful  "  city  of 
the  dead  "  consists  of  about  four  hundred  acres  on  the 
heights  of  the  Bronx,  extending  westward  to  an  an- 
cient road,  whose  line  is  now  followed  by  Central 
Avenue.  The  house  of  Abraham  Vermilye  stood  on 
its  easterly  side  in  1781.  Early  in  this  century  John 
Bussing,  Daniel  Tier,  William  and  Abraham  Valen- 
tine owned  the  farms  of  which  the  cemetery  is  now 
composed.  The  cemetery  was  organized  in  Decem- 
ber, 1863,  and  the  improvement  of  the  grounds  com- 
menced in  April,  1864.  The  first  interment  was  made 
January  14, 1865,  since  which  time  there  have  been 
upwards  of  twenty-six  thousand  burials  therein. 

RAILROADS. — The  earliest  was  the  New  York  and 
Harlem,  along  the  easterly  bounds,  chartered  May  12, 
1831 ;  opened  to  Harlem,  1837,  and  to  White  Plains, 
1844.  For  nearly  thirty  years  the  nearest  station  was 
at  Williams'  Bridge.  There  is  one  now  at  Woodlawn. 
The  Hudson  River  Railroad,  chartered  April  25, 
1831,  was  opened  along  the  westerly  bounds  of  the 
district  about  1850;  Stations  :  Spuyten  Duyvil,  Riv- 
erdale  and  Mount  St.  Vincent.  The  Spuyten  Duyvil 
and  Port  Morris  Railroad,  chartered  April  24,  1867, 


KING'S   BRIDGE. 


was  opened  in  1871.  Stations :  Spuyten  Duyvil  and 
King's  Bridge.  The  New  York  City  and  Northern 
Railroad  was  reorganized  and  opened  in  1878.  Sta- 
tions :  King's  Bridge  and  Van  Cortlandt's. 

AQUEDUCTS. — 1.  The  Croton  aqueduct,  begun  1837 
and  completed  1842,  passes  along  the  brow  of  Valen- 
tine's, Gun  and  Tetard's  Hills.  2.  The  Bronx  River 
water  supply,  determined  upon  in  1879  and  opened 
September  9,  1884,  is  carried  in  a  forty-eight-inch 
cast-iron  conduit  pipe  along  the  west  side  of  the  Bronx 
to  Woodlawnand  thence  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  half  a 
mile  west  of  Williams'  Bridge  Station,  where  a  distri- 
buting reservoir  is  located  and  whence  thirty-six  inch 
pipes  distribute  the  water  to  the  Twenty-third  and 
Twenty-fourth  Wards.  3.  The  new  Croton  supply,  de- 
termined upon  in  1884  and  work  in  progress,  will  go 
near  the  old  one,  mostly  through  rock  tunnel.  4.  Mt. 
St.  Vincent,  Riverdale  and  Spuyten  Duyvils  have 
been  supplied  from  Yonker  water-works  since  1882. 

SCHOOLS. — The  most  ancient  was  the  French 
boarding-school  of  Dominie  Tetard,  opened  in  1772. 
Early  in  the  century  there  was  a  school -house  near 
Warner's  store  and  another  on  the  Mile  Square  road, 
near  Devoe's.  The  school-house  at  Mosholu  (now 
Grammar  No.  67)  was  erected  about  1840.  The  one 
at  King's  Bridge  (now  Grammar  School  No.  66)  was 
erected  in  1872.  The  one  at  Spuyten  Duyvil  (now 
Primary  No.  44)  was  erected  about  1859.  Primary 
No.  48,  at  Wood  lawn,  was  established  in  1880.  The 
Riverdale  Institute,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  and 
the  boarding-school  for  boys  at  Hudson  Park  have 
been  closed  for  several  years.  The  academy  at  Mount 
St.  Vincent  is  mentioned  under  that  head. 

62 


APPENDIX. 

THE  O'NEALE  PATENT. 

A  Patent  graunted  unto  Mr.  Hugh  Onele,  and 
Maiy  his  wife. 

Richard  Nicolls  Esq'r'  Govemour  under  his  Roy- 
all  Highnesse,  the  Duke  of  Yorke,  of  all  his  Terri- 
toryes  in  America,  To  all  to  -whom  these  presents 
shall  come,  sendeth  Greeting ;  Whereas  there  is  a 
certain  e  Tract  of  Land  within  this  Governm't 
upon  the  Maine,  Bounded  to  the  Northwards  by  a 
Rivolett  called  by  the  Indyans  Maccakassin,  so  run- 
ning Southward  to  Nepperhane  from  thence  to  the 
Kill  Shorakkapock,  and  then  to  Papiriniman,  which 
is  the  Southermost  Bounds,  then  to  go  Crosse  the 
Country  to  the  Eastward,  by  that  which  is  commonly 
knowne  by  the  name  of  Bronckx  his  River,  and 
Land,  which  said  Tract  of  Land,  hath  heretofore 
beene  Purchased  of  the  Indyan  Proprietors  by 
Adrian  Vander  Duncke,  deceased,  whose  Relict, 
Mary  the  wife  of  Hugh  Oneale,  one  of  the  Paten- 
tees is,  and  due  Satisfaccon  was  also  given  for  the 
same,  as  hath  by  some  of  the  said  Indyans,  beene  Ac- 
knowledged before  mee  ;  Now  for  a  further  Confir- 
maCon  unto  them  the  said  Hugh  Oneale  and  Mary  his. 
wife,  Relict  of  the  aforesaid  Adrian  Vander  Duncke^ 
in  their  Possession  and  Enjoyment  of  the  premises* 
63 


A  I  •  I  •  1 :  M  >  I  X  . 


Know  ye  that  by  vertue  of  the  Commission  and 
Authority  given  unto  mee  by  his  Boyall  Highnesse, 
the  Duke  of  Yorke,  I  have  thought  fitt  to  Give, 
Ratify,  Confirme  and  Graunt,  And  by  these  presents 
do  Give,  Ratify  Confirme  and  Graunt  unto  the  said 
Hugh  Oneale  and  Mary  his  wife,  their  heyres  <fe  as- 
signes  all  the  afore  mentioned  Parcell  or  Tract  of 
Land  called  Nepperhane  Together  with  all  woods, 
Marshes,  Meadowes  Pastures  waters,  Lakes,  Creekes, 
Rivoletts,  ffishing,  Hunting  and  ffowling.  And  all 
other  Profitts,  Commodities  and  Emoluments,  to  the 
said  Tract  of  Land  belonging,  with  their  and  every 
of  their  Appurtenances,  and  of  every  part  and  Par- 
cell  thereof ;  To  have  and  to  hold  the  said  Tract  of 
Land  and  pr'misses,  with  all  and  Singular  their  Ap- 
purtenances, unto  the  said  Hugh  Oneale  and  Mary 
his  wife,  their  Heires  and  Assignes,  to  the  proper 
use  and  behoofe  of  the  send  Hugh  Oneale,  and  Mary 
his  wife,  their  Heires  and  Assignes  for  ever,  Hee, 
shee  or  they  or  any  of  them,  Rendring  and  Paying 
such  Acknowledgments  and  Dutyes,  as  are  or  shall 
bee  Constituted  and  Ordained,  by  his  Royall  High- 
nesse ye  Duke  of  Yorke  and  his  Heires,  or  such 
Governour  and  Governo'rs  as  shall  from  time  to 
time  be  appointed  and  sett  over  them ;  with  this 
Proviso,  That  if  at  any  time  hereafter,  his  Royall 
Highnesse,  his  Heires,  Successors  or  Assignes,  shall 
thinke  fitt  to  make  use  of  any  Timber  for  Shipping, 
or  for  Erecting  or  repairing  of  fforts  within  this 
Government,  a  Liberty  is  reserved  for  such  uses  and 
purposes,  to  Cutt  any  sorts  of  Timber,  upon  any 
Implanted  Grounds,  on  the  said  Tract  of  Land,  to 
make  Docks,  Harbors,  Wharfes,  Houses,  or  any 

64 


APPENDIX. 


other  conveniencies  relating  there  unto,  And  also  to 
make  use  of  any  Elvers,  Eivoletts  and  Inletts  of 
Water,  to  the  purposes  aforesd  as  fully  and  freely, 
as  if  no  such  Patent  had  beene  graunted ;  Given 
under  my  hand  and  Seale,  at  ffort  James  in  New 
Yorke,  on  the  Island  of  Manhatans,  the  Eighth  day 
of  October,  in  the  Eighteenth  yea-re  of  the  Eaigne 
of  our  Sovereigne  Lord,  Charles  the  Second,  by  the 
grace  of  God,  of  England,  Scotland,  ffrance  and  Ire- 
land King,  Defender  of  the  ffaith  &c,  And  in  the 
yeare  of  our  Lord  God  1666. 

ElCHAKD  NlCOLLS. 
ASSIGNMENT,  O'NEALE  AND  WIFE  TO  ELIAS  DOUGHTY. 

[Indorsed  on  the  Patent.] 

These  Presents  wittnesse  that  I  Hugh  Oneale  with 
the  Consent  of  Mary  my  Wife  Doe  Assigne  and  sett 
over  unto  my  Brother  in  Law  Elias  Doughty  of 
flushing  in  the  County  of  Yorkshire  on  Long  Island 
his  heirs  and  Assignes  for  Ever  all  my  whole  Eight 
title  and  Interest  belonging  to  me  and  Mary  my  wife 
menConed  in  this  Pattent  as  wittnesse  my  hand  this 
thirtith  Day  of  October  1666  Acknowledging  hereby 
to  have  Eeceived  full  Sattisfaction  for  the  same  the 
Day  and  yeare  Aforesaid. 

HUGH  ONEALE. 
MAEY  ONEALE. 
Testis  Edward  ffisher,  John  Oksanne. 

ASSIGNMENT,     DOUGHTY     TO     DELAVALL,    PHILLIPS    AND 
LEWIS. 

[Indorsed  on  the  Patent.] 

I  doe  hereby  Assigne  and  Transporte  all  my  Eight 
Title  and  Interest  to  the  within  written  Pattent  and 

65 


APPENDIX. 


Premisses  unto  Thomas  Delavall  Esq'r'  ffredrick 
Phillips  Merch't  and  Tho.  Lewis  Marriner  for  A 
Valuable  Consideration.  In  witnesse  whereof  I  have 
hereunto  Sett  my  hand  &  seale  this  29th  Day  of 
March  1672. 

ELYAS  DOUGHTY  (seal). 

Sealed  Delivered  <fc  acknowledged  before  me  Mat- 
thias Nicolls,  Ferry'm.     [Sec'y.] 

John  Sharpe. 

[The  above  assignment,  while  it  purports  to 
transfer  the  "  Pattent  and  Premisses,"  did  not  con- 
vey the  whole  of  the  latter,  prior  transfers  of  por- 
tions of  the  land  having  been  made  by  Doughty,  to 
Archer,  Betts  &  Tippett,  and  Hadden,  ut  sub.] 

DEED,  ELIAS  DOUGHTY  TO  JOHN  ABCHEB. 

Recorded  for  Mr.  John  Arch'r  this  24th  day  of 
September,  Anno  Dm  1671. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  pr'sents  that  I  Elyas 
Doughty  of  Flushing  doe  sell  unto  Mr.  John  Archer 
of  West-Chest'r  his  Heyres  <fe  Assigns  flfourescore 
Acres  of  Upland,  and  thirty  Acres  of  Meadow  lyeing 
&  being  betwixt  Brothers  River  and  the  Wateing 
Place  at  ye  End  of  the  Island  of  Manhatans,  and  if 
ye  Land  be  not  fitt  to  Cleare  for  ye  Plow  or  How, 
this  Land  is  to  lye  together  ;  And  if  there  be  not  all 
such  Land  together  as  there  should,  or  if  there 
should  happen  to  be  eight  or  ten  Acres  of  Land  that 
is  not  fitt  for  such  Use,  Then  ye  said  Archer  is  to 
have  it  with  ye  rest,  and  hee  shall  have  equall  Right 
and  Privilege  in  ye  Commons  as  any  of  their  Men 
shall  have  within  that  Patent,  that  hath  noe  more 

66 


APPENDIX. 


Arable  Land,  and  ye  Meadow  is  to  be  mowed  all. 
As  "Witness  my  Hand  this  first  of  March  1666.  As 
Wittness  if  there  should  lye  any  more  Land,  that  is 
to  say  between  ffourty  or  thirty  Acres,  It  is  all  in 
Common  ;  And  I  am  to  give  ye  said  Archer  a  firme 
Bill  of  Sale  under  my  Hand  and  Seale. 

EUAS  DOUGHTY. 
THOMAS  OKELEY. 

I  Elias  Doughty  doe  own  to  have  received  full 
Satisfaction  of  ye  said  Archer  for  ye  said  Land  & 
Meadow  ye  House  is  yett  to  be  And  ye  said  Arch'r 
is  to  have  his  within  the  above  said 

Tract  of  Land. 

Septemb'r  ye  18th  1667. 

It  is  to  be  understood  that  Mr.  John  Archer  is  to 
have  the  ffreshest  Boggy  Meadow  that  lyeth  on  ye 
South  side  of  Westchester  Path,  within  ye  Patent  of 
Mr.  Oneale  within  his  second  of  Purchase  w'ch  is 
upon  ConsideraCon  that  ye  said  John  Archer*  shall 
pay  to  ye  said  Doughty  ;  As  Witness  my  Hand 

ELYAS  DOUGHTY. 

DEED,  EUAS  DOUGHTY  TO  WILLIAM  BETTS  AND  GEORGE 

TIPPETT. 

Eecorded  for  George  Tippett  ffeb'ry  22th  1670. 

Be  it  knowne  unto  all  men  by  theise  pr'sents  that 
I  Elias  Doughty  of  mushing  in  ye  North  Eyding  of 
Yorkshire  on  Long  Island  in  America  w'thin  ye 
Territoryes  of  his  E.  H'ss  ye  Duke  of  Yorke  und'r 
ye  Command  of  ye  Et.  Hon'ble  Co'l  Eichard  Nicolls 
Governo'r  Gen'r'll  of  ye  same  have  by  vertue  of  ye 
Assignation  of  a  Pattent  from  my  brother  in  Law 

67 


APPENDIX. 

Mr.  Hugh  Oneale  &  Mary  his  wife  alienated  estranged 
demised  bargained  &  sould  &  do  by  theise  presents 
alyenate  estrange  demise  bargaine  &  sell  a  parte  & 
parcell  of  that  Land  &  meadow  belonging  to  ye  said 
Pattent  for  &  in  consideration  of  a  considerable 
sume  received  &  to  receive  w'ch  land  &  meadow  I 
the  abovesaid  Doughty  have  sold  unto  William 
Betts  &  George  Tippett  who  are  possest  of  parte  of 
ye  same  (viz't)  ye  said  Land  &  meadowe  w'ch  was 
formerly  in  ye  possession  <fe  occupation  of  old 
Youncker  van  der  Dounckx  ye  planting  feild  belong- 
ing to  ye  said  Purchase  to  be  of  ye  North  syde  of 
ye  said  purchase,  ye  marked  trees  making  mention 
of  ye  same,  &  w'ch  rune  west  to  Hudsons  Ryver  & 
East  to  Broncke  his  Ryver  w'ch  all  ye  Upland  from 
Bronx  his  Ryver  Southward  to  Westchester  path, 
&  so  runs  due  East  &  West  beginning  at  ye  boggy 
Swamp  w'thin  ye  Libertye  of  ye  said  Pattent  &  ye 
Southwardmost  bounds  to  run  by  ye  path  that 
runneth  or  lyeth  by  ye  North  end  of  ye  aforesaid 
Swamp  &  so  to  run  due  East  to  Broncks  his  Ryver 
&  due  west  to  that  meadowe  w'ch  cometh  from  ye 
wading  place,  w'ch  all  ye  meadowe  from  ye  Stake 
w'ch  is  on  ye  Eastward  syde  of  the  abovesaid  wad- 
ing place  w'ch  is  now  in  controversy  betweene  me 
ye  abovesaid  Doughty  &  some  Inhabitants  w'thin 
Harlem,  w'ch  all  ye  Meadow  betwixt  the  above- 
said  Stake  Eastward  &  Hudsons  Ryver  Westward 
from  ye  abovesaid  wading  place  at  ye  Nithermost 
end  of  Manhatans  Island,  w'th  all  ye  Upland  betwixt 
that  &  Hudsons  River  westward  &  so  running  north- 
ward to  ye  East  &  West  lyne  before  mentioned  at 
ye  end  of  ye  planting  field  except  ye  thirty  Acres  of 

68 


APPENDIX. 


meadowe  w'th  I  have  sold  unto  Mr.  John  Archer 
w'ch  ye  abovesaid  Betts  and  Tippett  is  to  see 
pfourmed  unto  ye  abovesaid  John  Archer,  &  for 
that  parcell  of  meadowe  w'ch  is  now  in  Controversy 
betweene  ye  Harlem  men  &  myselfe  if  it  be  recovered 
by  them  or  their  order  they  shall  peaceably  enjoy 
ye  Same  according  to  ye  Tenor  of  ye  Pattent  paying 
unto  me  or  my  order  Tec  pounds  of  Current  passable 
pay  according  to  ye  custome  of  theise  partes,  &  in 
Case  ye  same  due  shall  be  recovered  then  Mr.  John 
Archer  his  proportion  of  Thirty  Acres  of  Meadowe 
is  to  run  upward  by  ye  Island  where  he  is  to  have 
ye  full  complement  of  ye  said  Thirty  Acres,  All 
w'ch  I  have  from  myselfe  my  heires  or  any  oth'r 
p'son  or  p'sons  interested  or  concerned  in  ye  said 
Pattent  Sold  &  made  over  unto  ye  afore  mentioned 
William  Betts  &  George  Tippett  or  eith'r  of  them 
their  heires  Executors  or  Assigns  To  have  &  to  hold 
for  ever,  &  ye  same  peaceably  &  quietly  to  enjoy 
maintaining  ye  Same  free  from  all  Incumbrances  of 
any  p'son  or  p'sons  concerned  in  ye  Pattent  Indians 
Excepted,  It  is  to  be  understood  that  Mr.  Archers 
Meadowe  is  to  be  laid  out  in  Case  Harlem  men  enjoy 
their  possession  at  ye  Stake  parting  ye  said  meadowe 
in  controversye  &  ye  other  meadowe  w'ch  I  have 
possest  them  of,  In  witnes  whereof  I  have  hereunto 
sett  my  hand  and  Seale  this  6th  Day  of  July  Anno 
Dm.  1668  &  in  ye  20th  yeare  of  ye  Baigne  of  o'r 
Sovereigne  Lord  Charles  ye  Second  by  ye  Grace  of 
God  of  England  Scotland  ffrance  &  Ireland  King 
Defender  of  ye  faith  &c.  ELIAS  DOUGHTY. 

Signed  Sealed  &  delivered  in  ye  pr'sence  of  us  JOHN 
HOLDEN,  JOHN  HADON,  JOHN  MAKSHALL. 

69 


APPKNDIX. 


DEED,    ELIAS  DOUGHTY   TO   JOHN   HADDEN. 

Eecorded  for  Jno.  Heddy,  Sept.  26th  1672. 
Bee  it  known  unto  all  Men  by  these  Presents  that 
I  Elyas  Doughty  of  fflushing  in  the  North  Biding  of 
York-shire  on  Long  Island  in  America  w'thin  ye 
Territoryes  of  his  Eoyall  Highness  the  Duke  of 
Yorke,  under  ye  Command  of  the  Eight  Hon'blo 
Coll.  Eichard  Nicolls  Governor  Gen'all  of  the  same, 
by  vertue  of  the  Assignaoon  of  a  Patent  from  my 
Brother  in  Law  Mr.  Henry  Oneale  &  Mary  his  Wife, 
have  alienated,  estranged,  demised,  bargained,  & 
sold,  &  doe  by  these  Presents  alienate,  estrange,  de- 
mise, bargaine  &  sell  unto  John  Heddy  late  of  West- 
Chester  w'thin  the  Biding,  &  Government  above 
menConed  two  hundred  Acres  of  Vpland  belonging 
to  the  said  Patent,  to  beginn  at  ye  North-side  of  the 
Planting  ffield,  where  ye  abovesaid  John  Heddy  shall 
see  most  convenient ;  viz't  to  beginn  at  the  West,  & 
runn  towards  the  East,  the  length  &  breadth  thereof 
to  bee  as  the  Purchaser  shall  see  most  Comodious  ; 
w'ch  is  for  and  in  consideraCon  of  full  Satisfaction 
already  received  by  a  Horse  ;  And  further  I  the  said 
Elyas  Doughty  doe  make  over  and  deliver  unto  the 
said  John  Heddy  twenty  Acres  more  of  Vpland  ad- 
joyning  to  the  abovesaid  two  hundred,  w'ch  is  all  to 
beginn  at  the  Northside  of  the  Planting  ffield  belong- 
ing to  William  Betts  and  George  Tippett  from  ye 
West  end  of  the  Land,  &  to  runn  in  length  Eastward 
towards  Broncks  Eiver ;  And  further  I  the  above - 
said  Elyas  Doughty  have  sold  unto  the  abovesaid 
Ino.  Heddy  one  hundred  Acres  more  of  Ypland,  ly- 
ing and  being  in  the  aforesaid  Eange  for  &  in  con- 

70 


APPENDIX 

sideracon  of  five  pounds  to  paid  upon  Bill  according 
to  Agreement ;  All  w'ch  I  Elyas  Doughty  have  sold 
&  made  over  from  mee  my  Heyres  &  Executors  to 
ye  said  Heddy  his  Heyres,  Executors,  Administra- 
tors or  Assignes  ;  To  have  and  to  hold  forever ;  Main- 
taining the  same  free  from  any  Incumbrances  that 
may  or  shall  hereafter  arise  from  any  Person  or  Per- 
sons laying  any  Clayme  or  Title  to  the  same,  Inter- 
ested in  ye  above-mentioned  Patent. 

In  Wittness  to  w'ch  I  have  hereunto  sett  my  Hand 
and  Scale  this  7th  day  of  June  in  ye  yeare  of  the 
Reigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lord  Charles  ye  2d  by  the 
Grace  of  God,  King  of  England,  Scotland,  ffrance  & 
Ireland,  Defender  of  the  ffaith  &c : 

•    ELIAS  DOUGHTY  (Seale). 

Signed  Sealed  &  Delivered  in  the  pr'sence  of  us, 

his 

GEORGE    J^  TIPPETT. 

JOHN  HOLDEN.  mark 

WM.  BETTS.  JNO.  MARSHALL. 

Endorsed  on  ye  Deed  as  followeth.  These  may 
Certify,  that  ye  within  menconed  three  hundred  & 
twenty  eight  Acres  of  Land,  is  layd  out  as  followeth  ; 
Inprimia,  Twenty  eight  Acres  lyeing  in  one  piece, 
beginning  from  the  Market  tree  of  Wm.  Betts  & 
George  Tippett,  from  thence  running  due  North  24 
Chayne  in  length  ;  &  in  breadth  due  East  20  chayne, 
being  bounded  on  the  South  w'th  the  Land  of  Wm. 
Betts  &  George  Tippett,  &  to  ye  Northward  West- 
ward by  ye  Land  of  Capt'  Delavall  ;  the  other  two 
hundred  ninety  two  Acres  beginning  at  ye  East- 
ward end  of  the  twenty  eight  Acres,  Eunning  in 

71 


APPENDIX. 


length  due  East  Eighty  Chayne,  &  in  breadth  due 
North  Thirty  six  Chayne  &  fifty  Lincks,  being 
bounded  to  ye  Southward  by  the  Lands  of  Wm. 
Betts  &  George  Tippett ;  &  to  ye  Eastward,  North- 
ward, &  Westward  by  ye  Lands  of  Capt'  De  Lavall ; 
w'ch  aforemenOoned  Land  was  survey'd  &  layd  out 
by  mee  as  afore  exprest.  Given  under  my  Hand  this 
3d  day  of  September  1672. 

ROBERT  I ;  1 1  >  r  1 ; . 
DEED,    ELIAS  DOUGHTY  TO    DELAVALL   AND   OTHERS. 

To  all  Christian  People  to  whom  this  Present 
writeing  shall  Come  Elyas  Doughty  of  Slushing  in 
North  Rydeing  of  Yorkeshire  upon  Long  Island  send- 
eth  Greeting  in  our  Lord  God  Everlasting  whereas 
the  said  Elyas  Doughty  Standeth  possest  of  A  con- 
siderable porCon  of  a  Certaine  Tract  or  parcell  of 
Land  upon  the  Maine  Continent  within  this  his 
Eoy'll  High'ss  his  Governm't  Commonly  Called  the 
Younckers  Land  for  the  which  their  was  a  Pattent 
graunted  by  the  late  Governor  Coll  Rich'd  Nicolls 
unto  Hugh  Oneale  and  Mary  his  Wife  who  was  the 
widdow  and  Eelict  of  Adrian  Vander  Dunck  by  Vir- 
tue whereof  an  Assignm't  and  Transporte  of  their 
whole  Right  Title  and  Interest  was  for  a  Valuable 
Consideration  made  by  the  said  Hugh  Oneale  and 
Mary  his  Wife  unto  the  said  Elyas  Doughty  his 
heires  and  Assignes  together  with  the  Originall  Pat- 
tent  and  all  the  Privilidges  and  Perquisites  there- 
unto belonging  ;  now  know  yee  that  the  said  Elyas 
Doughty  for  and  in  ConsideraOon  of  the  sume  of 
Eighty  pounds  or  goods  to  the  value  thereof  att 
mony  price  in  hand  payed  or  secured  to  be  paid  att 

72 


APPENDIX. 


or  before  the  Ensealeing  and  Delivery  hereof  by 
Thomas  Delavall  of  the  City  of  New  Yorke  EsqV 
Fredrick  Phillips  of  the  same  Citty  Merch't  and 
Thomas  Lewis  of  the  same  place  Marrin'r  Doth 
hereby  Acknowledge  and  thereof  Doth  acquit  Exon- 
erate and  Discharge  them  the  said  Thorn.  Delavall, 
Fredrick  Phillips  and  Thomas  Lewis  their  heirs 
Executors  and  Adminis'tors  hath  given  graunted, 
Aliened,  bargained,  Sold,  Ensealed  &  confirmed  and 
by  these  Presents  Doth  fully  Cleerly  and  Absolutely 
give  grant  alien  bargaine  sell  and  Confirme  unto  the 
said  Thomas  Delavall  ffredrick  Phillips  and  Thomas 
Lewis  their  heires  Executors  Adm'r'tors  and  Assignes 
for  ever  all  the  Kernaineing  parte  of  that  Tract  or 
Parcell  of  Land  in  his  Disposall  within  the  Limitts 
and  precincts  of  the  Pattent  Aforemenconed,  Ex- 
cepting only  out  of  the  Generall  Pattent  Aforesaid 
within  the  Lymitts  and  precincts  of  the  Patent 
Aforemenconed  Excepting  only  out  of  the  Generall 
Pattent  afores'd  what  is  herein  Excepted  That  is  to 
say  A  parcell  of  Land  Sold  by  him  the  said  Elyas 
Doughty  Vnto  John  Archer  his  heyres  and  Assignes 
another  parcell  neare  Adjoyneing,  sold  unto  Wm. 
Betts  George  Tippett  and  John  Heddy  as  alsoe  A 
Mile  square  of  Land  within  the  said  Pattent  by 
Broncks  River  near  East  Chester  sold  unto  some  of 
the  Inhabitants  of  that  place,  All  which  said  par- 
cells  are  perticulerly  sett  forth  with  their  Buttings 
and  Boundings  in  the  Respective  Bills  of  Sale  Signed 
and  Delivered  by  the  said  Elyas  Doughty  to  the 
said  persons  Concerned,  And  likewise  the  said  Elyas 
Doughty  Doth  hereby  Assigne  and  transporte  all 
his  Right  title  and  Interest  to  the  remaineing  parte 

73 


APPENDIX. 


of  the  said  Patient  together  with  the  original  Pattent 
and  all  Deeds  Writeiugs  and  Escripts  Concerning 
the  same  unto  the  same  Thomas  De  Lavall  ffredrick 
Phillips  and  Thomas  Lewis  their  heires  Executors 
Adm'st'ors  and  Assignes  as  alsoe  all  the  Bights  Roy- 
altyes  Privilidges  Immunityes  and  Proffits  thereunto 
belonging  or  in  any  wise  appertaineing  in  as  ample 
manner  as  hee  himself  e  or  the  said  Hugh  Oneale  and 
Mary  his  Wife  held  the  same,  To  have  and  To  hold 
the  said  Land  and  Premmisses  hereby  granted  bar- 
gained &  Sold  with  their  and  every  of  their  Eights 
proffitts  and  Appurtenances  unto  the  said  Thomas 
Delavall  Fredrick  Phillips  and  Thomas  Lewis  their 
heires  and  Assignes  unto  the  proper  use  and  behoof  e 
of  them  the  said  Thomas  Delavall  Fredrick  Phillips 
and  Thomas  Lewis  their  heires  and  Assignes  for 
ever.  And  the  said  Elyas  Doughty  for  hirnselfe  his 
heires  Executors  Adm'r'tors  and  for  every  of  them 
Doth  Covenant  Promisse  &  Grant  to  and  with  the 
said  Thomas  Delavall  Fredrick  Phillips  and  Thomas 
Lewis  their  heires  Executors  Adm'r'tors  and  As- 
signes and  to  and  w'th  every  of  them,  that  they 
the  said  Thomas  Delavall  Fredrick  Phillips  and 
Thomas  Lewis  their  heires  and  Assignes  shall  and 
may  from  henceforth  for  ever  peaceably  and  quietly 
have  hold  use  Occupy,  possesse  and  Enjoye  the  said 
Land  and  premisses  before  Recited,  (excepted  what 
is  herein  Excepted)  without  the  Lett  Interrupcon 
or  Contradiccon  of  him  the  said  Elyas  Doughty  his 
heires  or  Assignes  or  of  any  p'rson  or  p'rsons  Claym- 
ing  from  by  or  under  him,  them  or  any  of  them ; 
And  that  the  said  Land  is  and  shall  be  quitt  and  ffree 
from  any  Incumbrance  of  Dowry  or  Joynture  Mort- 

74 


APPENDIX. 


gage,  or  former  Grant,  or  Sale  other  then  what  is 
herein  exprest  and  shall  make  good  the  same  with 
Warranty  ag't  all  other  p'rsons  whatsoever.  In  Tes- 
timony Whereof  hee  the  said  Elyas  Doughty  Hath 
hereunto  Putt  his  hand  and  Seale  the  twenty  ninth 
Day  of  November  in  the  twenty  fourth  Yeare  of  the 
Reigne  of  our  Sovereigne  Lord  Charles  the  Second 
by  the  Grace  of  God  of  England  Scotland  ffrance 
and  Irel'd  King  Def  end'r .  of  the  ffaith  &c  A'o  D. 
1672. 

Sealed  and  Delivered  in  the  pr'sence  of  Matthias 
Nicolls,  John  Sharpe. 

ELYAS  DOUGHTY  (Seale). 

BETTS   AND  TDPPETT   PATENT. 

A  Confirmacon  of  a  Certaine  Parcejl  of  Land  upon 
ye  Maine  Granted  to  Wm.  Betts  &  George  Tippett. 

Francis  Lovelace  Esq' r'  &c  Whereas  Elyas  Doughty 
of  fflushing  hath  for  a  Valuable  Consideration  by 
Bill  of  Sale  bearing  date  ye  6th  day  of  July  1668 
convey'd  &  made  over  unto  Wm.  Betts  &  George 
Tippett  late  of  West  Chester  n  Certaine  parcell  or 
Tract  of  Land  upon  ye  Maine  being  part  of  a  Greater 
Quantity  heretofore  belonging  to  Adriaen  Vand'r 
Donck  &  Granted  by  Patent  from  Governo'r  Nicolls 
to  Hugh  Oneale  &  Mary  Ins  Wife  who  was  ye  Widdow 
&  Relict  of  ye  said  Vander  Donck  <fc  from  them  Con- 
vey'd together  w'th  all  their  Title  &  Interest  in  ye 
Premisses  unto  ye  aboves'd  Elyas  Doughty  his 
Heyres  &  Assignes];  The  said  Parcell  or  Tract  of 
Land  Containing  that  piece  where  formerly  the  old 
Vander  Doncks  House  stood  together  w'th  ye 

75 


APPENDIX. 

Meadow  Ground  &  Planting  ffield  ye  North  side  of 
w'ch  said  ffield  by  ye  marked  Trees  is  their  North 
Bounds  soe  to  run  West  to  Hudsons  River  &  East  to 
Bronx  his  River  w'th  all  ye  Vpland  from  Broncks 
his  River  afores'd  Southward  to  West  Chest'r  old 
Path  &  soe  West  to  ye  Meadow  Ground  w'ch  com- 
eth  from  ye  Wadeing  Place  w'th  all  ye  Meadow  from 
ye  Stake  to  ye  Eastward  of  ye  said  Wadeing  Place 
&  soe  along  as  Harlem  River  Runns  into  Hudsons 
River  Reserving  Thirty  Acres  of  Meadow  Ground 
only  out  of  ye  said  proporOon  of  Land  unto  John 
Archer  according  to  agreem't  made  between  him  & 
ye  said  Elias  Doughty  as  in  the  Bill  of  Sale  afore- 
menConed  is  sett  forth  of  w'ch  said  parcell  or  Tract 
of  Land  &  pr'misses  or  ye  greatest  part  thereof  they 
ye  said  Wm.  Betts  &  George  Tippett  or  their  As- 
signes  are  now  in  actuall  &  reall  possession  ;  Now 
Know  Yee  That  by  vertue  of  ye  Commission  &  Au- 
thority unto  mee  given  by  his  Royall  Highness  I 
have  Ratifyed  Confirmed  &  Graunted  &  by  these 
pr'sents  doe  Ratify  Confirme  &  Graunt  unto  ye  afore- 
named Wm.  Betts  &  George  Tippett  their  Heyres  & 
Assignes  ye  aforemenOoned  Parcell  &  Tract  of  Land 
Together  w'th  all  ye  Meadowes  Wood  Land,  Past- 
ures, Marshes,  Waters,  Creeks,  &  all  other  Proffitts 
Comodityes,  &  Emolum'ts  to  ye  said  Parcell  or 
Tract  of  Land  &  Premisses  within  ye  Bounds  & 
Lymitts  afores'd  described  belonging  or  in  any 
wise  appertaining  w'th  all  other  particulars  &  Bene- 
fitts  in  any  Clause  of  their  Bill  of  Sale  made  mention 
off  w'th  this  Provisoe  that  what  is  herein  Graunted 
doe  noe  way  pr'judice  ye  New  Towne  of  ffordham 
nor  what  hath  been  done  by  my  Ord'r  towards  their 
76 


APPENDIX. 


Settlem't  To  have  &  to  hold  all  &  Singular  ye 
s'd  Parcell  &  Tract  of  Land  &  Premisses  w'th  their 
&  every  of  their  Appertenances  to  ye  said  Wm. 
Betts  &  George  Tippett  their  Heyres  &  Assignes 
unto  ye  proper  use  &  Behoofe  of  ye  said  Wm.  Betts 
&  George  Tippett  their  Heyres  &  Assignes  forever 
Bendring  &  Paying  such  Dutyes  &  Acknowledgm'ts 
As  now  are  or  hereafter  shall  bee  Constituted  & 
Establisht  by  ye  Lawes  of  this  Governm't  under  ye 
Obedience  of  his  Eoyall  Highness  his  Heyres  &  Suc- 
cessors. Given  under  my  Hand  &  Sealed  w'th  ye 
Seale  of  ye  Province  at  fforte  James  in  New  Yorke 
this  20th  day  of  ffebr'ry.  in  ye  23th  Yeare  of  the 
Beigne  of  o'r  Soveraigne  Lord  the  King  &c.  Annoq 
Dm  1670. 

I  do  hereby  Certify  the  aforegoing  to  be  a  true 
Copy  of  the  Original  Becord  Compared  therewith  By 
Me.  LEWIS  A.  SCOTT,  Secretary. 

77 


INDEX. 

AARSEN,  JAN.  7. 

Ackerman,  William  G.  53,  56. 

Albany  Post  Eoad,  7,  11,  16,  18,  30,  32,  33,  45. 

Allaire,  Anthony,  21." 

Allen,  Jacamiah,  23. 

Amusettes,  32. 

Andros,  Gov'r,  15. 

Appleton,  Wm.  H.  47,  56. 

Aqueducts,  62. 

Archer,  John  (Jan  Arcer),  7,  8,  15,  49,  66,  67,  73. 

Archer,  Matthias,  Anthony,  Benjamin,  22. 

Armand,  Col.  33. 

Arnold,  Gen.  Benedict,  19. 

Arnold,  Dr.  E.  S.  F.  60. 

Arsdan,  Benjamin,  22. 

Asten,  Abraham,  21. 

Atherton,  H.  L.  56. 

BABCOCK,  CHABLES  H.  P.  49. 
Babcock,  Samuel  D.  47,  56. 
Bailey,  Nathaniel  P.  31. 
Bainbridge,  Eev.  Thos.  45. 
Bangs,  Eev.  I.  D.  45. 
Barch,  Eev.  Thomas,  45. 
Barkins,  Daniel,  49. 

Barney,  Hiram,  55. 

79 


INDEX. 

Barnstable,  9. 

Barracks,  27. 

Barrett,  Hannah,  10. 

Barrett,  John,  10,  42. 

Barrett,  Samuel,  10. 

Barrier  Gate,  17,  32. 

Bastine,  Stephen,  22. 

Bates,  Martin,  47,  56. 

Battalion,  The  South,  21. 

Battery,  King's,  31. 

Battery,  The,  23. 

Beekman,  20. 

Bend,  George  H.  56. 

Berrien,  Abraham,  53. 

Berrien,  George,  21. 

Berrien,  Samuel,  53. 

Berrien,  Kev.  William,  53. 

Berrien's  Neck,  10. 

Bettner,  J.  E.  56. 

Betts,  Alice,  9. 

Betts,  Hopestill,  9. 

Betts,  John,  9. 

Betts,  Joseph,  44. 

Betts,  Mehitable,  10. 

Betts,  Samuel,  9. 

Betts,  William,  9,  11,  14,  21,  22,  68,  70,  71,  73. 

Block  House,  14. 

"Blue  Bell  "Fort,  25. 

Boar  Hill,  32. 

Bolton,  Rev.  Cornelius  W.  46. 

Boston,  16. 

Boston  Post  Boad,  16,  18,  19,  20,  30. 

Bowling  Green,  22. 

80' 


INDEX. 

Boynton,  Eev.  George  M.  47. 

Brann,  Eev.  Henry  A.  48,  49. 

Bridges,  14,  15,  17,  18,  28,  29,  32,  33,  35. 

Broad  Street,  20. 

Broadway,  5. 

Bronok,  Jonas,  2. 

Bronck's  Land,  2,  13. 

Bronx,  Broncks,    Bronckes,    Bronckx  his,  Broncx 

Eiver,  1,  2,  5,  8,  9,  14,  31,  63. 
Bronx  Heights,  28. 
Brown,  Eev.  A.  B.  45. 
Brown,  E.  F.  56. 
Brown,  Ezekial,  Henry,  22. 
Brown,  Fred'k,  Gilbert,  Eobert,  21. 
.Brown,  Eev.  O.  E.  45. 
Brown,  Eev.  Paul  E.  45. 
Brown,  Eev.  T.  James,  46. 
Browne,  Hendrick,  Jr.,  21. 
Browning,  Eev.  Win.  F.  45. 
Bryant,  Capt.  34,  36. 
Buckout,  Matthias,  16. 
Burr,  Aaron,  18. 
Burr,  Eev.  Charles  H.  47. 
Bursen,  Henry,  21. 
Bussing,  John,  61. 
Bussing's  Point,  51. 

CANADA,  17. 
Cannon,  20,  23. 
Cammann  Place,  31. 
Carpenter,  Newton,  47. 
Carter,  Eev.  A.  B.  46. 
"Causey"  (Causeway),  The,  14. 

81 


IXDEX. 

Central  Avenue,  61. 

"Charles,  "The,  12. 

Charleston,  8.  C.  18. 

Chasseurs,  32,  39. 

Chevaux-de-frise,  25. 

Christ  Church,  Biverdale,  47. 

Church  du  St.  Esprit,  18. 

Church  of  the  Mediator,  46. 

City  Island,  17. 

Claflin,  H.  B.  31. 

Clevinger,  George,  11. 

Clinton,  Gen.  25,  26. 

Coast  Survey,  29. 

Cock  Hill,  13,  25. 

Cock  (Cox),  John,  21,  22,  23. 

Cock's  (Cox)  Tavern,  23. 

Cole,  James,  45. 

Colendonck,  5. 

Colgate,  Eobert,  46,  56. 

Colonie  of  Nepperhaem,  5,  42. 

Columbia  College,  19,  52. 

Commissioners  of  Forfeiture,  49,  55,  56,  57. 

Committee  of  Safety,  22,  23,  26. 

Concklin,  John,  10. 

Concklin,  Mehitable,  10. 

Congress,  Continental,  20,  22. 

Congress,  Provincial,  20,  22,  24,  26. 

Connecticut,  7,  9. 

Coons,  Rev.  Aaron,  47. 

"  Cooperstown,"  55. 

Corsa,  Andrew,  51. 

Corsa's  Orchard,  26. 

Corton,  James,  43. 

88 


INDEX. 

Cortwright,  John,  Edward,  21. 

"Cowboys,  "33. 

Cox,  David  B.  46,  53,  54. 

Crawford,  George,  James,  21,  22. 

Crawford,  William,  43. 

Cregier,  John,  21. 

Cregier,  Capt.  Thomas,  24. 

Croft,  Rev.  H.  46. 

Crook,  Joseph,  49. 

Cuthbert,  B.  60. 

DAVIES,  REV.  JOHN,  45. 

Davis,  Eev.  A.  B.  45. 

Deen,  Daniel,  21,  43. 

Delafield  Estate,  3. 

Delafield,  Joseph,  55. 

Delafield,  Lewis  L.  55. 

Delafield,  Maturin  L.  55. 

De  Lancey,  Col.  James,  32,  33,  41. 

De  Lancey,  John,  51. 

De  Lancey,  Thomas  J.  46. 

De  Lancey's  Mills,  36. 

Delavall,  Thomas,  11,  65. 

De  Bochambeau,  41. 

Devoe,  Daniel,  39,  40. 

Devoe,  Frederick,  39. 

Devoe,  John,  21. 

Devoe,  Moses,  44. 

Devoe's  Farm,  38. 

Devoe's  Point,  51. 

De  Vries,  4. 

De  Vries,  Margaret,  12. 

De  Vries,  Peter  Budolphus,  12. 

83 


INDEX. 

Dickenson,  Rev.  Leigh  Richmond,  46. 

Dobb's  Ferry,  36. 

Dodd,  Rev.  Ira  S.  47. 

Dodge,  Mary  C.  ("  Sister  Maria  "),  58. 

Dodge,  Samuel  N.  46. 

Dodge,  William  E.  47,  55. 

Dodge,  William  E.,  Jr.  47. 

Donop  Regiment,  32. 

Doughty,  Elias,  7,  8,  9,  11,  49,  65,  66,  70,  71. 

Dpughty,  Rev.  Francis,  6. 

Douglas,  Col.  31. 

Dragoons,  39. 

Duke  of  York,  63,  67. 

Duke,  William  S.  56. 

Dutch  Ref'd  Church,  8,  44. 

Dyckman,  Jacob,  17,  44. 

Dyckman's  Cut,  3. 

EAGLETON,  J.  JOSEPH,  46. 

East  Chester,  14,  16,  33,  42,  44. 

Eden,  Joseph,  49. 

Eden,  Medcef,  49. 

Edge  Hill  Chapel,  48. 

Edsall,  Thomas  H.  54. 

Ellison,  Frances,  18. 

Ellison,  Robert,  18. 

Ely,  Col.  31. 

Emmerick,  Col.  32,  33,  38,  39,  40. 

Emmons,  Abraham,  21. 

Emmons,  Thomas,  21. 

Erb  Prinz  Regiment,  32. 

Esopus,  12. 

Evans,  Rev.  Thomas,  45. 

84 


INDEX. 

Eweu,  Daniel,  54. 
Ewen,  Gen.  John,  55. 

FARKTNGTON,  BENJ.,  THOS.,  BOBT.  21. 

"Ferry,"  The,  12,  13,  14. 

Ferryman's  Kates,  13. 

Fire  Engine  House,  55. 

Fire  Ships,  25. 

Fisher,  Edward,  65. 

Fisher,  Samuel  W.  45. 

Fletcher,  Gov'r,  15. 

Flushing,  10. 

Flypsen  (Phillipse),  Catherine,  12. 

Flypsen  (Phillipse),  Margaret,  12. 

Flypsen  (Phillipse),  Frederick,  11,  12,  15,  16. 

"  Font  Hill,"  60. 

Fordham  Dutch  Church,  18. 

Fordham  Heights,  41. 

Fordham  Landing,  44. 

Fordham,  Manor  of,  1,  44. 

Fordham,  Village  of,  7,  8,  9,  11,  14,  15. 

Forrest,  Edwin,  57,  59. 

Forster,  George  H.  56. 

Fort,  "Blue  Bell,"  25. 

Fort,  Cock  Hill,  25. 

Fort  Independence,  19,  21,  26,  28,  29,  30,  31,  33,  34, 

35,  36,  37,  38,  53. 
Fort,  The  "King's  Battery,"  31. 
Fort  Lee,  25. 

Fort,  The  «  Negro,"  31,  33,  36. 
Fort  "Number  One,"  29. 
Fort  "  Number  Two,"  29. 
Fort  "Number  Three,"  21,  30. 

85 


INDEX. 

Fort  "Number  Four,"  21,  30. 

Fort  "  Number  Five,"  30. 

Fort  "Number  Six,"  31. 

Fort  "Number  Seven,"  31. 

Fort  "  Number  Eight,"  31. 

Fort  on  Bussing  Farm,  31,  36. 

Fort  Orange,  4. 

Fort  Prince  Charles,  21,  30,  35. 

Fort  Swartwout,  26,  29. 

Fort  Washington,  2,  22,  25,  28,  29,  38. 

Foster,  C.  W.  56. 

Fountain,  Usial,  21. 

Fowler,  Benjamin,  43. 

Fowler,  John,  23. 

Fowler,  Jonathan,  22. 

Franklin,  R.  L.  56. 

Free  Bridge,  The,  17,  18,  28,  29,  32,  33,  35. 

French,  Annetje,  12. 

French  Boarding  School,  18. 

French,  Philip,  12. 

Fry,  Rev.  William,  48. 

Fuller,  Joseph  W.  53. 

GAGE,  LADY,  23. 

Gallahue,  Eev.  A.  0.  46. 

Geer,  William  H.  53. 

"General  Putnam,"  Schooner,  24. 

George  III.,  Statue  of,  22. 

George's  Point,  16. 

German  Regiments,  32. 

Gibson,  Edwin  P.  46. 

Giles,  Wm.  Ogden,  19,  30,  46,  53. 

Gist,  Col.  38,  40. 


INDEX. 

Godwin,  Joseph  H.  46,  52. 
Goodridge,  Frederick,  2,  47,  56." 
Graham,  Col.  26. 
Grammar  School,  62. 
Green,  Isaac,  21,  22. 
Green,  Kev.  John  0.  45. 
Green,  William,  21,  22. 
Greene,  Gen.  28. 
Guereneau,  John,  22. 
Gun  Hill,  62. 

HADDEN  (HADON,  HEDDY,  HEDGEK),  JOHN,  11,  14,  ,42, 

69,  70,  73. 

Hadley,  George,  22,  53,  56. 
Hadley,  Isaac,  21. 
Hadley,  Joseph,  10,  16,  21,  42. 
Hadley,  Mehitable,  10. 
Hadley,  William,  21,  22,  43,  44,  55. 
"  Half  Moon,"  The,  13. 
Halsey,  Daniel,  49. 
Halsey's  Tavern,  49. 
Hardenbrook,  Margaret,  12. 
Harlem,  10,  13. 
Harlem  Eiver,  1,  25. 
HaiTiman,  Laura,  56. 
Haskin,  John  B.  31. 
Hatfield,  Rev.  Henry,  45. 
Hayden,  James  A.  55. 
Heath,  Gen.  25,  26,  31,  33,  34,  36,  37. 
Hebard,  Eev.  E.  45. 
Heights,  1,  9,  40,  41. 
Hessians,  28,  32. 
High  Bridge,  8. 

87 


INDEX. 

Hills,  2,  7,  10,  13,  21,  25,  26,  29,  32. 

Hitchcock,  Mehitable,  10. 

Hitchcock,  Samuel,  10. 

Holden,  John,  69,  71. 

Holland,  5,  12. 

Hollister,  Thompson  N.  47. 

Holt,  George  C.  54. 

Honeywell,  Israel,  45. 

Howe,  Gen.  27,  31. 

Hoyt,  Rev.  Philip  L.  45. 

Hudson,  Henry,  3. 

Hudson  Park,  9.  . 

Hudson  River,  1,  2,  5,  8,  9,  29. 

Hughes,  Archbishop,  57. 

Hughes,  Mother  Angela,  57. 

Humphreys,  Rev.  Humphrey,  45. 

Hunt,  David,  43. 

Husted's  Heights,  40,  41. 

Hutchins,  Waldo,  32,  55. 

Hyatt's  Tavern,  20,  21,  35. 

INDIAN  CASTLE,  3. 
"  Indian  Fields,"  The,  41. 
Iron  Foundry,  54. 
Irving,  Washington,  13. 
Island,  2,  3. 

JAMES,  D.  WILLIS,  56. 

Janes,  Bishop,  48. 

Jerome,  Mother,  58. 

Johnson,  Elias,  53.  54. 

Johnson,  Gilbert,  54. 

Johnson,  Isaac  G.  46,  47,  48,  54. 


INDEX. 

Jones,  William,  42. 
"Jonker,"  1. 

KEHLOGG,  DAVID  B.  47. 

Kelly,  Eev.  R.  H.  45,  48. 

Kern,  Rev.  J.  O.  48. 

Keskeskick,  4. 

Keyes,  Eev.  Charles  C.  45. 

Kieft,  4. 

"  King's  Battery,"  31. 

King's  Bridge,  The,  14,  15, 17,  18. 

King's  Bridge  Hotel,  17. 

King's  Bridge  Marble,  3. 

King's  Ferry,  28. 

King  Philip's  War,  14. 

Knight,  Madame,  16. 

Knowlton,  George  W.  47. 

Knyphausen,  Gen.  28,  29. 

Knyphausen  Regiment,  32. 

"Koop-al,"  Jan.  7. 

"  LABADISTS,"  THE,  12. 
Lake,  2. 

Langdon,  Jervis,  53. 
Langdon  Rolling  Mill  Co.  53. 
Lasher,  Col.  28. 
Lausanne,  University  of,  18. 
Lawrence,  John  C.  45. 
Lawrence,  Samuel,  22,  24. 
Laws,  Rev.  Gustav,  48. 
Leib  Regiment,  32. 
Lent,  Abraham,  Jr.  49. 
Lent,  Rev.  Isaac  H.  48. 

89 


INDEX. 

Lewis,  Thomas,  11,  65. 

Lexington,  450. 

Ley  den,  4. 

Lime  Kilns,  3. 

Lincoln,  Gen.  33,  34,  36,  38. 

Livingston,  Janet,  19. 

Llonart,  56. 

Long  Island,  26. 

Lord,  Rev.  William  B.  47. 

Losberg  Regiment,  32. 

Lothrop,  Rev.  Mr.  9. 

Lounsbery,  Henry  R.  54. 

Lounsbery,  William,  23. 

Lovelace,  Gov.  Francis,  9,  11. 

"  Lovers'  Lane,"  39. 

Lovett,  Rev.  Noble,  45. 

"  Lower  Cortlandts,"  32. 

"  Lower  Mills,"  44. 

Lowther,  Rev.  S.  48. 

McCoRMicK,  REV.  D.  48. 

Maccakassin,  Macackesin,  7,  63. 

Macomb,  Alexander,  49. 

Macomb,  Mary  C.  P.  52. 

Maoomb,  Robert,  51,  52. 

Macomb,  Gen.  52. 

Macomb's  Mill,  51,  52. 

Macomb's  Mountains  (Adirondacks),  51. 

Macomb  Street,  14. 

Macomb's  Dam,  51. 

"Maine,"  The,  13,  15. 

Mali,  H.  W.  T.  31. 

Mamaroneck,  23. 

90 


INDEX. 

Manetto,  4. 

Manhattan  Island,  2,  3,  6,  10,  13,  28,  29. 

Manor  of  Fordham,  1,  8. 

Manor  of  Phillipsburgh,  12,  42,  43,  49,  55,  56. 

Marshall,  John,  69,  71. 

Martin,  Monsieur,  26. 

Maryland,  11. 

Merrill,  Thomas,  21. 

Merson,  L.  O.  48. 

Methodist  Church,  44. 

Micena,  Rev.  Fr.  48. 

Mifflin,  Gen.  24. 

Mile  Square,  11,  43. 

Mile  Square  Eoad,  32,  38,  43,  60,  62. 

MiU  Creek,  2. 

Mills,  5,  32,  51,  52. 

Mirback  Regiment,  32. 

Moller,  George,  53. 

Montgomery,  Gen.  Richard,  19,  20,  30. 

Montressor,  Col.  23,  37. 

Montressor's  (Randall's)  Island,  37. 

Moore,  Jacob,  22. 

Moore's  Tavern,  22. 

Morris,  Augustus  F.  54. 

Morrisania,  2,  37. 

Morrison,  David  M.  54. 

Mosholu,  2,  9,  31,  44,  45,  54,  60,  62. 

Mott,  John,  46,  47. 

Mount  St.  Vincent,  1,  12,  25,  56. 

Munro,  James,  21. 

Muscoote,  6. 

Muskota,  7. 

Myers,  T.  Bailey,  46. 

91 


INDEX. 

NEPEBAN,  7. 

Nepperhaem  Colonie,  5. 

Nepperhaem  Biver,  4,  63. 

Nepperhaem  Tract,  5. 

New  Amsterdam,  5,  6,  12. 

New  Castle,  36. 

New  Jersey,  Palisades  of,  2. 

New  Bochelle,  28,  33. 

New  York,  1,  2,  7,  15. 

New  York  City  &  Northern  B.  B.  60. 

New  York  "  Gazetteer,"  The,  19. 

New  York  &  Harlem  B.  B.  61. 

New  York  Hydraulic  M'f'g  &  Bridge  Co.  52. 

Nicholas,  Col.  26. 

Nicholls,  Perkins,  3,  52. 

Nicoll,  Sec'y  Matthias,  8,  49,  75. 

Nicoll,  Gov'r  Bichard,  6,  8,  63,  65,  67. 

Nieuwhoff,  7. 

Nieuw  Netherland,  6. 

Nimham,  39,  41. 

Nixon,  Bev.  Cyrus,  46. 

Nodine,  Andrew,  43. 

Norris,  Henry,  22. 

Norris,  Jordan,  22. 

OAKLEY,  DAVID,  43. 
Oakley,  David,  Jr.  22. 
Oakley,  Joseph,  Jr.  21. 
Oakley,  Moses,  22. 
Oakley,  Thomas,  21: 
Odell,  Abraham,  21. 
Odell,  Isaac,  43. 
Odell,  John,  21. 

92 


INDEX. 

Okeley,  Thomas,  67. 

Oksanne,  John,  65. 

OlaffPark,  9,  61. 

Oldrin,  Eev.  E.  45. 

O'Neale,  Hugh,  6,  7,  63,  65. 

O'Neale,  Mrs.  Hugh,  6,  7,  11,  63,  65. 

O'Neale  Patent,  7,  8,  11. 

O'Neill,  Eev.  Fr.  48. 

Oost-Dorp,  7,  9. 

Orange,  Fort,  4. 

Ostrander,  Eev.  A.  46. 

Opdyke,  George,  60. 

Oudinot,  E.  S.  48. 

PACKAMIENS,  4. 

Palisades  of  New  Jersey,  2. 

Palmer,  Benjamin,  17. 

Paparinamin,      \ 

Papirinimin,       V  7,  9,  12,  13,  14,  17,  28,  49,  51,  63. 

Pappereneman,  ) 

Parker,  James,  21. 

Park,  The  Eiverdale,  56. 

Parsons,  Gen.  34. 

Parsons,  M.D.  John,  53. 

Patents,  7,  8,  11. 

Paulding,  Col.  26. 

Paulus  Hook,  26. 

Peck,  Eev.  E.  M.  47. 

Perry,  Eev.  Salmon  C.  45. 

Petrie,  George  H.  54. 

Phillipsburgh,  1. 

Phillipsburgh  Manor,  12,  60. 

Phillipse,  Adolphus,  12. 

,93 


INDEX. 

Phillipse,  Annetje,  12. 

Phillipse  (Flypsen),  Catherine,  12. 

Phillipse,  Eva,  12. 

Phillipse,  Col.  Frederick,  16,  17,  19,  49,  57. 

Phillipse  (Flypsen),  Frederick,  11,  12,  65. 

Phillipse  2d,  Frederick,  12,  15. 

Phillipse  (Flypsen),  Margaret,  12. 

Phillipse's  Mills,  32. 

"  Phoenix,"  The,  25. 

Plantation,  The  Yonkers,  1. 

"Planting  Field,"  Vander  Donck's,  5,  9. 

Plested,  Eev.  Wm.  46. 

Poe,  Edgar  Allan,  52. 

Point,  3. 

Pontoon  Bridge,  30. 

Post,  Abraham,  21,  24. 

Post,  Dennis,  21,  24. 

Post,  Hendrick,  43. 

Post,  Isaac,  21,  24. 

Post,  Israel,  21,  24. 

Post,  Jacob,  21,  24. 

Post,  Lewis,  21,  24. 

Post,  Martin,  21,  24. 

Post,  William,  21,  24. 

Post  Riders,  17. 

Post  Eoads,  7,  11,  16,  18,  19,  20,  30,  32,  33,  45. 

Potter,  Et.  Eev.  Horatio,  46. 

Powder  Magazine,  The  old,  18. 

Prince,  William  Henry,  41. 

Prinz  Carl  Eegiment,  32. 

Pusher,  Henry,  21. 

Putnam,  Albert  E.  54. 

Pyne,  Moses  Taylor,  56. 

94 


INDEX. 

Pyne,  Percy  E.  47. 

QUEBEC,  19. 
Queen's  Bangers,  39. 
Quimby,  8. 

RAMSEY,  JOHN,  49. 

Randolph,  Edmund  D.  60. 

Ranelagh,  Sarah,  Viscountess,  19. 

Rangers,  32. 

Rawdon,  Lord,  32. 

Rechgawac,  4. 

Regiments,  32. 

Regina,  Mother/ 58. 

Rennselaerswyck,  4. 

Ren-wick,  Prof.  James,  52. 

Revolutionary  War,  18,  19. 

Rhinebeck,  19. 

Rich,  Abraham,  22. 

Rich,  James,  22. 

Rich,  Thomas,  22,  42. 

Tilickman,  Tobias,  21. 

Rider,  Robert,  72. 

Ridge,  2,  3. 

Riker,  James,  13. 

Riverdale,  2,  12. 

Riverdale  Institute,  62. 

Riverdale  Presbyterian  Church,  46. 

Riverdale  Road,  29. 

Rogers,  Col.  33. 

"Rose,"  The,  24,  25. 

Rose,  William,  21. 

Ross,  Major,  40. 

95 


INDEX. 

Byer,  Edward,  21. 
Ryer,  John,  21. 
Ryder,  Jacob,  42. 
Ryder,  John,  43. 

SAGE,  WABBEN  B.  29,  30,  47,  54. 
Sauthier's  Map,  29. 
Saw  Kill,  4,  16. 
Schennerhorn,  A.  56. 
Schools,  18. 
Schuyler,  Gen.  18. 
Schwab,  Gustav,  31. 
Scituate,  9. 
Scott,  Gen.  33,  38. 
Scott,  Lewis  A.  77. 
Scrymser,  James,  47. 
Sealey,  Benjamin  T.  53. 
Seaman,  Rev.  R.  .45. 
Sebring,  20. 

Segur,  Rev.  Fred'k  W.  45. 
Sergeant,  Joseph  R.  54. 
Sharpe,  John,  66,  75. 
Sherwood,  Jeremiah,  43. 
Sherwood,  Thomas,  42,  43. 
Shorack-Kappock,  3,  63. 
Shrader,  Rev.  Dr.  48. 
Shrive,  Rev.  J.  G.  45. 
Sidney,  James  C.  46. 
Sietz  Regiment,  32. 
Silleck,  Rev.  John  A.  45. 
Simcoe,  Lt.  Col.  32,  39,  40. 
Sisters  of  Charity,  56. 
"  Skinners,"  33. 

96 


INDEX. 

Smith,  Edward,  42. 

Smith,  Eev.  E.  45. 

Smith,  Francis,  21. 

Smith,  Henry  M.  54. 

Smith,  Eussell,  46. 

Smith,  William,  11. 

Smith,  Rev.  W.  H.  46. 

"  Sons  of  Liberty,"  23. 

Sorquapp,  7. 

Spanish  Bell,  56. 

Spaulding,  Henry  F.  47,  56. 

Spring  Street,  30. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  ("  Spiting  Devil  "),  9,  13,  15. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  1,  2,  5,  25,  29. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Neck,  10,  29. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Point,  3,  53. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Eidge,  2,  3,  30,  35. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  &  Port  Morris  E.  E.  61. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Church,  49. 

St.  John's  Benevolent  Society,  48. 

St.  John's  Church,  44,  48. 

St.  Patrick's  Temperance  Society,  48. 

St.  Vincent's  Free  School,  60. 

Stage  Coach.  17. 

States  General,  5. 

Stebbins,  Eev.  Henry  H.  47. 

Steenwyck,  Cornelis,  8. 

Stevenson,  Edward,  43. 

Stewart,  Col.  40. 

Stockbridge  Indians,  38,  39. 

Stone,  Henry  L.  47,  56. 

Strang,  Peter  O.  29. 

Strang,  Mrs.  54. 

97 


INDEX. 

Streets,  5,  14,  20,  30. 
Stuyvesant,  Peter,  5,  6,  9,  12. 
Swartwout,  Col.  26. 

TABLE-TON,  LT.  COL.  39,  40,  41. 

Tarleton,  Rev.  W.  46. 

Tarrytown,  33. 

Tasker,  Eev.  David,  47. 

Taverns,  17,  20,  21,  22,  23,  32,  35,  49. 

Taylor,  Charles,  21. 

Taylor,  Elnathan,  Jr.  21. 

Taylor,  Elijah,  21. 

Taylor,  Henry,  21. 

Taylor,  Jacob,  21. 

Taylor,  Joseph,  42. 

Taylor,  Moses,  42,  43. 

Ten  Broeck,  Gen.  38. 

Tequemet,  4. 

Tetard,  Rev.  John  Peter,  18,  62. 

Tetard's  Farm,  19,  31,  33. 

Tetard's  Hill,  7,  21,  28,  29,  30,  32,  41,  62. 

Thomas,  Col.  26. 

Thompson,  Wm.  W.  47. 

Thomson,  Samuel,  54,  55. 

Thorn's  Dock,  9. 

Throg's  Neck,  27. 

Tier,  Daniel,  61. 

Tippett,  Dorcas,  10,  53. 

Tippett,  George,  2,  9,  10,  11,  14,  42,  49,  53,  67,  70, 

71,  73. 

Tippett  2d,  George,  16. 
Tippett,  Henry,  10. 
Tippett,  James,  53. 


INDEX. 

Tippett,  Martha,  33. 

Tippett,  Mehitable,  10. 

Tippett,  Thomas,  22,  53. 

Tippett,  William,  53. 

Tippett's  ("Tibbitt's")  Brook,  2,  10,  16,  40,  51,  52. 

Tippett's  Hill,  10,  21,  25,  26,  29,  32,  36,  41. 

Tremper,  George  E.  60. 

Trimback  Regiment,  32. 

Trinity  Parish,  53. 

Tolls,  13,  15,  18. 

Totten,  Col.  52. 

Townsend,  Lord,  23. 

UNDEKHH/L,  IZARELIJ,  21. 
"Upper  Cortlandts,"  32,  55. 

VALENTINE,  ABKAHAM,  46. 

Valentine,  Daniel,  46. 

Valentine,  Gilbert,  60. 

Valentine,  Isaac,  23,  33,  36,  51. 

Valentine,  John,  51. 

Valentine,  Matthias,  42,  51. 

Valentine,  William,  61. 

Valentine's  Hill,  32,  41,  62. 

Valentine's  House,  33,  36. 

Valentine's  Ridge,  2. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Augustus,  23,  44,  46,  51,  54,  60. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Catherine,  12. 

Van  Cortlandt  Estate,  5,  11,  16,  61. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Eva,  12. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Frederick,  20,  21,  32,  54. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Jacobus,  1,  5,  15. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Col.  James,  20,  21,  23,  32,  33,  43,  55. 

Van  Cortlandt  Lake,  2. 

99 


INDEX. 

Van  Cortlandt  Mansion,  14,  41. 

Van  Cortlandt's  Ridge,  1. 

"  Van  Cortlandt's,"  9,  60. 

Van  Cortlandt's  Mills,  5. 

"  Van  Cortlandt's  "  Woods,  39,  40,  41. 

Van  Courtlandt  Vault,  23. 

Vander  Donck,  Dr.  Adraien  ("Vander  Duncke "), 

1,  4,  8,  51,  60,  63. 
Vander  Donck,  Cornelis,  6. 
Vander  Donck's  Bowerie,  6,  9. 
Vander  Donck's  House,  5,  75. 
Vander  Donck's  "  Planting  Field,"  5,  9,  11,  61. 
Van  Gaasbeck,  Rev.  D.  W.  C.  48. 
Van  Tassell,  Caleb,  45. 
Varian,  Jacob,  45. 
Varian  Jacob  H.  45. 
Varian,  William  A.,  M.D.  53. 
Vault  Hill,  2,  5,  23. 
Vermilye,  Abrm.  21,  61. 
Vermilye,  Fred'k,  21,  61. 
Vermilye,  Isaac,  44,  51. 
Vermilye,  Joshua,  21,  61. 
Vermilye,  Petrus,  18. 
Vermilye,  Thomas,  17. 
Verveelen,  Daniel,  14. 
Verveelen,  Johannes,  13,  14,  49. 
Vincent,  Charles,  42. 
Virginia,  31. 
Vitrey,  Lewis,  10,  49. 
Vitrey,  Mehitable,  10,  49. 
Von  Hanger,  Capt.  32. 
Von  Pfister,  Alexander,  49. 
Von  Wurmb,  Lt.  Col.  32,  33. 
100 


INDEX. 

"WADING  PLACE,"  THE,  4,  13. 

Waldeckers,  28. 

Warner,  Charles,  43,  53. 

Warner,  John,  21,  22,  24,  43,  44,  56. 

Warner,  William,  21,  22,  24,  43,  44,  56. 

Warner's  Store,  45,  62. 

Ward,  The  23d,  2. 

Washington,  Fort,  2. 

Washington,  Gen.  George,  24,  27,  31,  35,  41. 

Watch  House,  32. 

Weckquaeskeek,  3. 

Weeks,  Edward,  43. 

Wertz,  George,  22. 

Westchester,  7,  9,  10,  11. 

Westchester  County,  12. 

Westchester  Path,  7,  16. 

West  Farms,  1,  2. 

West  India  Company,  5,  12. 

Wetmore,  William  C.  54. 

Wheatly,  Eev.  Eichard,  45. 

White  Plains,  1,  19,  28,  31. 

Whiting  Estate,  3. 

WThiting,  James  E.  46,  54,  55. 

Wickerscreek  Indians,  3. 

Wiessenback  Regiment,  32. 

Wildes,  Eev.  George  D.  47. 

Willard,  E.  K.  48,  60. 

Williams  Bridge,  31,  36. 

Williams'  House,  23,  33,  37. 

Williams,  Samuel,  22. 

Wilson,  Eev.  William  T.  46,  53. 

"  Wine  Cellar,"  Dominie  Tetard's,  18. 

Woelwarth  Eegiment,  32. 

101 


INDEX. 

Wood,  Abraham,  45. 
Woodlawn  Cemetery,  9,  61. 
Woodlawn  Heights,  2,  9,  12,  38,  39,  60. 
Woodlawn  Methodist  Church,  48. 
Woodworth,  W.  W.  56,  61. 
Wooster,  Gen.  34,  38. 
Wright,  Orderly,  41. 
Wright,  Eev.  Daniel  I.  45. 

YONKEBS,          } 

Younckers,    V   1,  2,  4,  9,  10,  12,  14,  19,  etc. 

Younkers,      ) 

Yonkers  Episcopal  Society,  44. 

Yonkers  Plantation,  The,  1,  16. 

Yonkers  Precinct,  42. 

Yonkers  Eiver,  2,  52. 

Yorkshire,  North  Riding  of,  42. 

102 


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